What's in a Name? The Same Plant, Different Regions
For many, stepping into a grocery store or reading an international recipe can lead to a moment of dietary bewilderment. Is the 'rocket' found in a UK cookbook the same as the 'arugula' called for by a North American chef? The answer, unequivocally, is yes. The difference is purely a matter of regional terminology, not botanical distinction. The plant in question is a member of the Brassicaceae (mustard) family, sharing lineage with cabbage, kale, and broccoli.
The term 'arugula' is most prevalent in the United States and Canada, derived from the Italian word rucola. Across the Atlantic, particularly in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, the same green is known as 'rocket'. This name came to English via the French roquette, which itself traces back to Italian roots. This fascinating linguistic journey shows that the plant’s identity is consistent, even if its name changes depending on your location.
The Varieties: Understanding Subtle Differences
While rocket and arugula are the same species, it's worth noting that not all plants sold under these names are identical. The difference often lies in the variety cultivated and the maturity at which it is harvested. Understanding these nuances can help you select the right flavor and texture for your dish.
There are two main types commonly encountered: standard rocket (Eruca vesicaria) and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). Wild rocket has a more intense, peppery flavor and more jagged leaves compared to the milder standard version. Additionally, harvesting the leaves while young results in 'baby' rocket or arugula, which is known for its more tender texture and milder taste compared to its mature counterpart.
Comparison of Rocket, Arugula, and Varieties
| Feature | Standard Rocket/Arugula (Eruca vesicaria) | Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) | Baby Rocket/Arugula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name Origin | Italian (rucola) and French (roquette) | Distinct species | Harvested early |
| Flavor | Milder peppery flavor | More intense, pungent | Mildest, slightly sweet |
| Leaf Shape | Broader, rounder leaves | Sharper, jagged leaves | Small, tender leaves |
| Texture | Tender with a crisp stem | Firmer, often coarser | Very tender |
| Common Use | Salads, pizza topping | More intense flavor dishes | Salads, sandwiches |
Culinary Uses for This Versatile Green
The distinctive peppery, slightly nutty flavor of rocket/arugula makes it a highly versatile ingredient in the kitchen. Its usage depends heavily on the desired intensity of the dish. While mature leaves have a stronger bite, baby leaves offer a more delicate zing. Here are some popular ways to incorporate this green:
- Raw in Salads: One of the most common uses is adding fresh leaves to salads. They pair wonderfully with citrusy dressings, shaved Parmesan cheese, nuts, and fresh fruits like peaches or figs.
- Garnishes: The vibrant green leaves provide a flavorful and visually appealing garnish for soups, sandwiches, wraps, and bruschetta.
- Pizza Topping: For a gourmet touch, toss fresh rocket or arugula over a hot pizza just after it comes out of the oven. The residual heat will slightly wilt the leaves, softening the flavor.
- Lightly Cooked in Pasta: Stir a handful of leaves into hot pasta just before serving to add a fresh, peppery element that gently wilts into the dish.
- Pesto: Rocket can be used as a substitute for or addition to basil in pesto recipes. The resulting pesto offers a unique, peppery twist.
The Health Benefits of Rocket (Arugula)
Beyond its culinary appeal, this leafy green is a powerhouse of nutrition. Arugula is a low-calorie, nutrient-dense food that offers numerous health benefits.
- Rich in Vitamins: It is an excellent source of vitamins K, C, and A, all of which play crucial roles in maintaining good health.
- Packed with Antioxidants: Like other cruciferous vegetables, arugula contains powerful antioxidants and phytochemicals, including glucosinolates, which help protect cells from damage.
- Promotes Bone Health: The high vitamin K content is vital for bone health, aiding in proper calcium absorption.
- Supports Heart Health: Arugula contains potassium and other nutrients that can help reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of heart disease.
- Aids Digestion: As a good source of fiber, it contributes to a healthy digestive system.
Growing Rocket or Arugula at Home
For those with a garden or even a window box, growing your own rocket or arugula is a rewarding and simple process. It is a fast-growing, cool-season annual that thrives in the milder temperatures of spring and fall.
- Planting: Sow seeds directly into fertile, well-drained soil in a sunny or partially shaded spot.
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during germination. Inadequate water can lead to premature bolting.
- Harvesting: Harvest the outer, more mature leaves first, allowing the plant to continue producing new growth.
- Managing Flavor: For a milder taste, harvest young leaves frequently. As the weather warms, the leaves will develop a more intense flavor.
- Preventing Bolting: Rocket tends to bolt (go to seed) in hot weather. To extend the harvest, provide afternoon shade and ensure consistent moisture. The flowers are also edible and have a peppery flavor.
For a trusted source on culinary uses and other related information, you can also consult BBC Good Food.
Conclusion
The confusion over rocket and arugula is easily resolved: they are the same plant. The different names are simply a product of regional language variations, with 'arugula' being common in North America and 'rocket' in the UK and Australia. However, subtle differences in taste and texture do exist between varieties and based on harvest time, such as the distinction between wild and baby leaves. By understanding this simple truth, cooks and gardeners can confidently identify and utilize this flavorful, nutritious leafy green, whether they know it as rocket or arugula.
