The Poisonous Nature of Cherry Laurel
Despite its appealing name and appearance, the cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is highly toxic. The danger lies in the presence of cyanogenic glycosides, particularly concentrated in the leaves, stems, and seeds. When chewed or digested, these compounds break down to release hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), a potent and rapid-acting poison. The characteristic almond-like smell associated with crushed cherry laurel leaves is a tell-tale sign of this poisonous compound.
Every Part is a Potential Hazard
- Leaves: The leaves are particularly dangerous, especially if wilted, as they contain a high concentration of toxins. A bitter taste usually discourages consumption, but this should not be relied upon.
- Berries/Seeds: The glossy black berries may appear tempting, but the seeds inside are highly poisonous. While the flesh of a fully ripe, sweet-tasting berry may contain lower levels of the toxin, the risk is not worth taking, especially since the bitterness of unripe or toxic fruit is not always obvious. Eating as few as ten chewed fruits can be fatal for a child.
- Stems and Wood: The wood and stems of the cherry laurel also contain toxins. Chipping the wood can release hydrocyanic fumes into the air, necessitating caution and good ventilation.
Symptoms of Cherry Laurel Poisoning
Accidental ingestion can lead to severe health complications. The symptoms of cyanide poisoning can manifest quickly and are extremely dangerous. Recognition of these signs is critical for timely intervention.
Symptoms in Humans
If you suspect someone has ingested cherry laurel, watch for the following symptoms:
- Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
- Headaches and dizziness
- Decreased respiration and breathing difficulties
- Palpitations or rapid heart rate
- Reddening of the face
- An unpleasant, scratchy feeling in the throat
- In severe cases, unconsciousness, convulsions, and respiratory failure.
Symptoms in Pets
Curious pets are also at high risk. Owners should be aware of the signs of poisoning in dogs, cats, and other animals:
- Excessive salivation
- Mucosal irritation
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea)
- Difficulty breathing, potentially leading to respiratory paralysis
- Loss of coordination and tremors
Comparison: Cherry Laurel vs. Bay Laurel
It is common to confuse the toxic cherry laurel with the edible bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). The names sound similar, but the plants are from different families and have drastically different properties. Bay laurel leaves are used for cooking, while cherry laurel leaves are a poison hazard.
| Feature | Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) | Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis) |
|---|---|---|
| Toxicity | All parts are poisonous, with leaves and seeds being most toxic. | Leaves are edible for humans after cooking; seeds are mildly toxic. |
| Family | Rosaceae (Rose family). | Lauraceae (Laurel family). |
| Leaves | Large, broad, and glossy green; not typically aromatic. | Aromatic leaves, used in cooking, with a more oblong shape. |
| Berries | Small, black, and cherry-like; seeds are poisonous. | Small, dark purple to black berries; seeds are mildly toxic. |
| Use | Primarily an ornamental hedge or screen. | Culinary herb, ornamental shrub. |
Safe Handling and Emergency Protocol
If you have cherry laurel in your garden, a few precautions can help prevent accidental poisoning:
- Wear Gloves: Always wear gloves and long sleeves when handling or pruning cherry laurel to avoid skin irritation and sap exposure.
- Limit Access: Fence off areas with cherry laurel to prevent access by children and pets.
- Safe Disposal: Dispose of clippings responsibly at a green waste recycling center. Do not burn the wood, as the fumes can be toxic. Avoid transporting large quantities of clippings in an unventilated vehicle.
- Emergency Response: If ingestion is suspected, seek immediate medical or veterinary assistance. Do not wait for symptoms to appear. For human ingestion, contact a poison control center immediately. Medical professionals may administer activated charcoal to absorb toxins.
Safer Evergreen Alternatives
For those concerned about the dangers of cherry laurel, several safe evergreen alternatives exist that provide similar aesthetic or privacy benefits:
- Hawthorn (Crataegus): A native, wildlife-friendly option that forms a dense, impenetrable hedge.
- Photinia fraseri 'Red Robin': Offers striking red foliage and is not toxic.
- Holly (Ilex): Many varieties offer year-round interest and form dense hedges.
- Portuguese Laurel (Prunus lusitanica): While less toxic than cherry laurel, it is still advisable to exercise caution with this plant, especially if pets or children are present.
Conclusion
In summary, the answer to the question "Can we eat cherry laurel?" is a definitive no. This plant is a significant poison risk due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in all its parts. The potential for severe illness, and even death, from cyanide poisoning far outweighs any perceived benefit. Gardeners must exercise extreme caution, especially in households with children or pets, and consider safer evergreen alternatives to eliminate the risk entirely. The dangers of cherry laurel are very real, and prioritizing safety is paramount. For more detailed information on this plant, visit the RHS Gardening website.
