Category: Astrophysics

First proposed by Howard Bloom, the Big Bagel Theory is a highly speculative cosmological model that suggests the universe has a toroidal, or doughnut-like, shape rather than the more commonly accepted flat geometry. This unconventional idea offers an alternative explanation for the universe's accelerating expansion, addressing some of the unknowns present in the standard Big Bang model.

Approximately 79% of all naturally occurring magnesium is the isotope Magnesium-24, a stable isotope forged in the heart of stars. The cosmic tale of where did magnesium come from is an epic journey of stellar birth, nuclear fusion, and explosive death that seeded the universe with this essential element.

Spectroscopic analysis reveals the Sun contains iron, making up about 0.14% of its mass. This fact prompts the question, "Does sun give iron?"—a query that addresses a fundamental misconception in stellar physics, as the Sun is not a factory for this heavy element.

Our sun converts 600 million metric tons of hydrogen into helium every second, releasing an immense amount of energy through nuclear fusion. However, this is merely a fraction of the maximum energy observed in the universe, where phenomena like quasars and gamma-ray bursts dwarf even our most powerful stars.

In just a few seconds, a gamma-ray burst can release more energy than the Sun will produce in its entire lifetime. The universe is home to cataclysmic events that dwarf human-made energy sources, leaving many to wonder, "what releases the greatest amount of energy?"

The average natural radiation on Mars is estimated to be 40 to 50 times higher than the natural radiation on Earth. These are just some of the significant health issues with Mars that pose extraordinary challenges for human exploration of the Red Planet.