Category: Biomedicine

Lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, has transitioned from an industrial waste product to a promising source of bioactive compounds for medical applications. Its complex structure, abundant phenolic groups, and natural defense functions give rise to a variety of medicinal properties currently under intense scientific investigation. Emerging research highlights its potential as a natural, sustainable, and highly versatile biomaterial in biomedicine.

For centuries, traditional communities in Southeast Asia have relied on the murrel fish, also known as *Channa striata*, for its reputed healing properties, particularly for post-operative and postpartum recovery. The folkloric belief in its restorative power has led to extensive scientific research validating many of its traditional medical uses.