What is the difference between open and closed systems in nursing?
                                
                                
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                                    4 min read                                
                            
                                According to the National Institutes of Health, modern healthcare is increasingly conceptualized as a complex adaptive system, functioning optimally as an open system. This framework provides a critical lens for understanding the fundamental differences between open and closed systems in nursing, which profoundly impact patient care delivery, organizational efficiency, and staff collaboration.