Demystifying 'Uncured' and 'No Nitrates Added'
The term "uncured" on a meat product's packaging can be misleading. It does not mean the meat has not been cured or preserved; it simply means the curing process was done using naturally occurring sources of nitrates, rather than synthetic chemical additives. Applegate, along with many other brands, uses ingredients like cultured celery powder and sea salt, which are naturally rich in nitrates. The bacteria in the cultured celery powder convert the nitrates into nitrites, which are the active curing agents.
The Role of Naturally Occurring Nitrates
Naturally sourced nitrates function in the same way as their synthetic counterparts. The active curing agent is the nitrite molecule (NO2), regardless of its source.
- Preservation: Nitrites inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, such as those that cause botulism, ensuring the meat is safe to eat.
- Color: They react with the turkey's proteins to create the characteristic pinkish color that consumers associate with freshness.
- Flavor: Nitrates also contribute to the salty flavor profile of cured meats.
This process is why Applegate's deli turkey still has the expected color and taste of cured meat, despite the "no chemical nitrates or nitrites" claim.
Comparison: Applegate Turkey vs. Conventionally Cured Turkey
| Feature | Applegate Turkey (Natural/Organic) | Conventionally Cured Turkey | Why it Matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Added Nitrates/Nitrites | No synthetic nitrates/nitrites added. Cured with natural sources like celery powder and sea salt. | Synthetic sodium nitrite or sodium nitrate is added directly. | Both contain nitrites, but the source differs. Some consumers prefer natural sourcing. |
| Curing Agent | Nitrites derived from cultured celery powder. | Chemically identical nitrites from synthetic sources. | The chemical is the same, but the process of obtaining it varies. |
| Labeling | "No nitrates or nitrites added* (Except those naturally occurring in sea salt & cultured celery powder)". | Lists sodium nitrite or sodium nitrate in the ingredients. | "Uncured" labeling can be confusing, so reading the full ingredient list is essential. |
| Health Concerns | The health effects of nitrites are debated, with some studies suggesting link between processed meats and cancer, regardless of nitrate source. | Linked to the formation of nitrosamines when cooked at high heat in the presence of protein. | Health risks are associated with the nitrite molecule itself and cooking method, not solely the synthetic source. |
| Ingredients | Organic turkey breast, water, sea salt, organic potato starch, organic chicken broth, rosemary extract. | Often contains more complex additives and preservatives. | Applegate's ingredient list is generally shorter and simpler due to its "natural" and "organic" focus. |
The Scientific Perspective on Nitrates
The debate surrounding nitrates and nitrites is complex. While they are crucial for food safety, some studies suggest that when heated to high temperatures, nitrites can form compounds called nitrosamines, some of which are carcinogenic. This applies to both synthetic and naturally sourced nitrites. However, the American Institute for Cancer Research notes that the source of nitrates may matter, with vegetables containing protective compounds like vitamin C that inhibit nitrosamine formation. In processed meats, these protective elements are often absent or less potent.
Making an Informed Decision
For consumers, the takeaway is to look beyond the "uncured" or "no nitrates added" claims and scrutinize the ingredient list. If ingredients like "cultured celery powder," "celery salt," or "sea salt" are listed, the product contains nitrates from a natural source. If you are trying to avoid nitrates and nitrites altogether, including those from natural sources, you must choose products with a completely different preservation method or opt for fresh, unprocessed turkey.
Applegate's Commitment and Practices
Applegate's products are part of a larger movement towards what some consider cleaner labeling and more natural ingredients. Their focus is on humane animal treatment and avoiding artificial fillers and preservatives. By using naturally derived curing agents, they align with consumer demand for products perceived as less processed. This approach does not, however, eliminate the presence of nitrites entirely, a fact that is clearly stated in the fine print of their packaging. The company's transparency, while requiring careful reading, allows consumers to understand exactly what is in their food.
Conclusion
To answer the question, "Does Applegate turkey have nitrates?" the answer is a nuanced yes, but with a critical distinction. It does not contain synthetic, chemically added nitrates and nitrites. Instead, it is cured with naturally derived sources like cultured celery powder and sea salt, which contain the same active nitrite molecule. Consumers seeking to avoid both synthetic and natural nitrites must choose fresh, unprocessed meat. For those who prioritize humane animal practices and avoiding artificial ingredients while accepting naturally derived curing agents, Applegate turkey remains a viable option. The American Institute for Cancer Research offers further resources on understanding processed meat ingredients and health implications.
