Understanding Diatomaceous Earth
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, soft, sedimentary rock made from the fossilized remains of microscopic aquatic organisms called diatoms. These ancient, single-celled algae had intricate, porous skeletons made primarily of amorphous silica. When crushed into a fine powder, DE's particles have sharp, abrasive edges that, when viewed microscopically, resemble tiny bits of broken glass.
There are two main types of diatomaceous earth on the market: food-grade and filter-grade. Food-grade DE is derived from freshwater sources and contains very low amounts of crystalline silica (less than 1%). Filter-grade DE, typically from saltwater sources and heat-treated, has a much higher concentration of crystalline silica, which is toxic to inhale and is not safe for human or animal consumption. For internal human use, only food-grade DE should ever be considered.
Industrial Filtration vs. Human Digestion
One of the main properties that leads to claims about internal detoxification is DE's powerful filtering ability, used extensively in industry. Its porous nature allows it to trap and filter out extremely fine particles from liquids, which is why it's used to purify water, and filter products like beer and wine. The misconception is that this industrial filtering action can be replicated within the human body. However, the internal environment of the digestive system is vastly different from a manufactured filtration system.
The Problem with Heavy Metal Detox Claims
Despite widespread anecdotal claims, there is a significant lack of scientific evidence and human clinical trials to support the idea that food-grade diatomaceous earth effectively removes heavy metals systemically from the body. The primary reason for this is that while DE passes through the digestive tract, it is largely unabsorbed. It does not enter the bloodstream or interact with the body's internal organs in a way that would chelate or remove heavy metals that have already been absorbed and stored.
- Limited Evidence for Systemic Removal: Research has not verified a mechanism for applying DE's industrial filtering properties to human digestion or proven any meaningful effect on the body's systemic heavy metal load.
- Aluminum Exception: A specific study found that a highly aluminum-avid form of soluble silica, a component of DE, could potentially reduce aluminum absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. This, however, is a very specific interaction and doesn't confirm systemic heavy metal removal.
- Body's Natural Detoxification: The human body possesses highly effective organs for detoxification, primarily the liver and kidneys. These organs work continuously to neutralize and remove waste and toxins from the body. Promoting the body's natural functions through a healthy lifestyle is a more proven path to wellness than relying on unverified supplements.
Other Alleged Benefits and Evidence
Beyond heavy metal detoxification, proponents of food-grade diatomaceous earth often cite a range of other benefits. The science supporting these claims is also limited, with much of the evidence being anecdotal or based on very small-scale studies.
Purported Benefits of Food-Grade DE:
- Digestive Cleansing: It is claimed that DE can act like an intestinal "sweep" to cleanse the digestive tract of toxins, parasites, and bacteria. While its abrasive texture could theoretically impact gut contents, definitive evidence of significant cleansing is lacking.
- Lowering Cholesterol: A small 1998 human study showed participants taking DE had reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but the study lacked a control group, and no conclusive causal link was established.
- Parasite Control: While DE can kill insects and parasites mechanically in external and agricultural settings, there is no strong scientific proof it effectively treats internal parasites in humans. Some livestock studies have shown potential benefit.
- Skin, Hair, and Nail Health: As a source of silica, DE is sometimes promoted for improving connective tissues. While silica is important for bone and tissue health, the direct benefits from consuming DE supplements are not well-established.
A Comparison of DE Types: Food-Grade vs. Filter-Grade
Understanding the critical differences between the two main types of DE is paramount for safety.
| Feature | Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth | Filter-Grade Diatomaceous Earth |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Freshwater lake beds | Saltwater ocean sources, heat-treated |
| Composition | High in amorphous silica (safe for digestion) | High in crystalline silica (unsafe) |
| Primary Uses | Dietary supplement (anecdotal), animal feed additive, gentle abrasive, natural insecticide | Industrial filtration (pools, beverages), abrasives |
| Consumption | Generally recognized as safe by FDA for low concentrations as an indirect additive; limited human research as a supplement | Dangerous for consumption |
| Inhalation Risk | Avoid inhaling any DE dust; prolonged exposure linked to respiratory issues | High risk of silicosis and lung damage if inhaled |
| Purity | Purified and typically certified by OMRI for organic use | Not for human consumption; high levels of harmful crystalline silica |
Important Safety Considerations
While food-grade diatomaceous earth is generally considered safe for ingestion in small amounts, important safety precautions should be followed. Inhaling the fine dust, even from food-grade products, can irritate the lungs and is especially dangerous with filter-grade DE due to its high crystalline silica content. Long-term inhalation of crystalline silica can lead to serious lung conditions like silicosis.
For those considering DE for a detox, it's wise to be aware of possible side effects. Some users report experiencing mild, flu-like symptoms, sometimes referred to as a "die-off" reaction, as their body adjusts. Other potential digestive issues include stomach upset or constipation, often alleviated by drinking more water. As with any new supplement, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals and those with pre-existing health conditions should consult a doctor.
The Body's Real Detoxification Process
Instead of relying on unproven supplements, supporting the body's natural detoxification pathways is the most effective approach to maintaining health. The body's intricate systems work tirelessly to protect it from environmental and dietary toxins.
The body's key detoxification systems include:
- Liver: The liver is the body's main detoxifying organ, filtering toxins from the blood and metabolizing harmful chemicals.
- Kidneys: Kidneys filter waste from the blood and excrete it via urine.
- Digestive System: The intestines process and eliminate waste, a function that a fiber-rich diet can effectively support.
- Sweat Glands: Sweating helps expel some waste products through the skin.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while diatomaceous earth is a powerful industrial filter and carries a range of anecdotal wellness claims, strong scientific evidence that it effectively and safely removes heavy metals from the human body is lacking. Claims are often based on its industrial use, which is not equivalent to how it behaves within the complex biological systems of the body. Relying on the body's proven natural detoxification systems, supported by a healthy diet and lifestyle, remains the most reliable strategy for health. Always use food-grade DE with caution, avoid inhalation, and consult a healthcare professional before adding any new supplement to your routine.
For more information on health and wellness, consult with reliable resources like the National Institutes of Health.
