The Core Difference: SNAP vs. EBT
Before diving into where the card can and can’t be used, it's essential to understand the distinction between SNAP and EBT. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as food stamps, is the federal program that provides monthly food benefits to eligible low-income individuals and families. The Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) system is the card payment technology used to deliver those SNAP benefits. The EBT card works like a debit card at authorized retailers, but can only be used for approved purchases. This means all EBT card use for food purchases is tied directly to the SNAP program rules, which determines where, when, and on what the money can be spent.
Why Not All Stores Accept EBT
EBT acceptance is not mandatory for all retailers. For a store to accept EBT, it must voluntarily apply for authorization from the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). This process ensures the store meets specific criteria designed to provide SNAP recipients with access to nutritious food.
Staple Food Stocking Requirements
FNS authorization is based on a store's inventory, which is assessed through one of two criteria:
- Criterion A: The store must continuously stock at least three different varieties of staple foods in each of the four categories: meat, poultry, or fish; breads or cereals; dairy products; and fruits or vegetables. At least one perishable food item in two of these categories must also be stocked. Most convenience stores and smaller grocers are authorized under this criterion.
- Criterion B: For stores that do not meet Criterion A, they may still be authorized if over 50% of their total gross retail sales come from staple food items.
The Impact of Authorization
Only retailers that meet these stocking standards and receive FNS approval can process EBT payments. The decision to apply is a business choice, influenced by factors like store size, product selection, and the potential customer base. This explains why a small independent grocery might accept EBT while a non-food-focused retailer, like a drug store with limited food items, might not. Major chains like Walmart, Kroger, and Albertsons have all secured this authorization.
EBT Use for Online Shopping and Delivery
The landscape of online EBT acceptance is expanding but still requires federal approval and a store's willingness to participate in the SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot program.
Here are some of the major online retailers and delivery services that accept EBT for SNAP-eligible items:
- Amazon: Offers SNAP EBT for eligible groceries nationwide.
- Walmart: Accepts EBT online for grocery pickup and delivery in participating states.
- Instacart: Allows EBT SNAP payments at a variety of participating grocery stores across all 50 states and Washington, D.C..
- ALDI: A participant in the online pilot, with EBT acceptance for online orders.
- Gopuff: A convenience delivery service that accepts SNAP EBT for eligible items in qualifying markets.
It is crucial to remember that while the groceries may be paid for with EBT, the benefits cannot cover additional service fees, delivery charges, or tips.
The Restaurant Meals Program (RMP)
Using EBT at restaurants is a highly limited option under the Restaurant Meals Program (RMP). This program is not available nationwide and has specific eligibility requirements.
RMP Eligibility and State Participation
- Eligibility: The RMP is primarily for specific groups, including the elderly (60+), individuals with a disability, and the unhoused.
- States: As of mid-2025, only a small number of states have opted to implement the RMP, including Arizona, California, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Rhode Island, and Virginia.
- Restaurant Participation: Even in participating states, not all restaurants are involved. Only select locations of certain fast-food chains like Subway, Jack in the Box, and Burger King may accept EBT under the RMP. It is essential to check with a specific restaurant location to confirm if they accept EBT under the program.
What You Can and Cannot Buy with EBT
Beyond location, federal rules strictly define what can be purchased with SNAP benefits.
Eligible Items
- Fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, canned)
- Meat, poultry, and fish
- Dairy products
- Breads and cereals
- Seeds and plants that produce food
- Snack foods, including chips, crackers, and candy (though some states are starting to impose restrictions)
- Non-alcoholic beverages (some states are restricting sweetened beverages)
Ineligible Items
- Hot, prepared foods (e.g., rotisserie chicken, pizza slices)
- Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products
- Household items like paper products, cleaning supplies, and toiletries
- Pet food
- Vitamins or supplements with a 'Supplement Facts' label
Comparing EBT Acceptance Across Retail Types
| Retailer Type | USDA Authorization | SNAP Eligible Items | Restaurant Meals Program (RMP) | Online Ordering |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large Supermarkets | Yes, common | Wide selection of eligible items, fresh and frozen produce | No, unless part of a limited RMP scenario | Yes, often through third-party services |
| Small Grocers & Conv. Stores | Requires application and compliance with stocking rules | More limited selection, but must meet staple food criteria | No, unless part of a limited RMP scenario | Sometimes, less common than large chains |
| Restaurants | Must be in an RMP-participating state | Hot, prepared meals, but only for eligible individuals | Yes, but limited to authorized locations in RMP states | No, cannot cover restaurant meals online |
| Online Retailers | Must be part of SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot | Limited to SNAP-eligible food items, excludes fees | N/A | Yes, for groceries and pickup |
| Farmers Markets | Requires application and specific setup | Fresh produce, fruits, vegetables, meat, and eggs | N/A | No, generally in-person only |
Conclusion
In summary, the notion that everyone accepts EBT is false. EBT acceptance is not a universal given but is determined by a retailer's authorization from the USDA and their compliance with federal and, in some cases, state regulations. While most large supermarkets and a growing number of online retailers are authorized, acceptance at smaller stores, fast-food restaurants, and for online delivery is far from guaranteed. Understanding these nuances—from the staple food rules for retailers to the limited scope of the Restaurant Meals Program—is key to knowing where and how EBT benefits can be used effectively.
USDA FNS: Learn about retailer eligibility
Finding EBT-Accepting Locations
To find retailers that accept EBT, always look for the 'We accept EBT' sign, which is prominently displayed at authorized locations. For online orders, verify EBT acceptance on the retailer's website before starting your purchase. For restaurants in RMP states, check the state government's or a local anti-hunger organization's website for an official list of participating locations.
EBT vs. Other Assistance Programs
It's important to remember that EBT can also be used for benefits from other programs, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), often referred to as 'Cash EBT'. Unlike SNAP, which is restricted to eligible food items, Cash EBT can be used for a wider range of expenses, including some non-food items, at most locations that accept debit cards. The cardholder's account is usually managed separately for SNAP and Cash EBT balances.
Understanding the specific rules for your benefits is the best way to ensure a smooth transaction. Always double-check eligibility and retailer participation to avoid complications at the checkout line.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are online delivery fees covered by EBT?
No, EBT benefits only cover the cost of eligible food items. Any additional charges such as delivery fees, service fees, or tips must be paid using a separate form of payment.
Can I buy hot, prepared meals with EBT?
No, federal rules prohibit the use of SNAP EBT for hot, prepared foods that are meant to be eaten immediately. The exception is if you are an eligible individual in a state that has implemented the Restaurant Meals Program (RMP).
Can I use my EBT card in a different state?
Yes, SNAP EBT cards can be used at any eligible, authorized retailer in any state, regardless of where the card was issued.
Why doesn't my local gas station accept EBT?
Gas stations often do not meet the stocking requirements for staple foods necessary to be authorized as a SNAP retailer. While they may sell some food items, their primary business is not grocery sales, so they may not apply for or meet the criteria.
What is the Restaurant Meals Program (RMP)?
The RMP is a program in certain states that allows some eligible SNAP recipients (typically the elderly, disabled, or unhoused) to purchase prepared meals at authorized restaurant locations. It is not available in all states.
What are the staple food requirements for retailers?
To be authorized, retailers must stock and sell specific varieties and quantities of food across four categories: meat/fish/poultry, dairy, fruits/vegetables, and breads/cereals. This ensures SNAP recipients have access to a variety of nutritious options.
Can I use EBT for online purchases from a local supermarket?
If your local supermarket offers online ordering and delivery, you can use EBT only if that specific retailer has been approved to participate in the SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot program. You will need to check their website or app for EBT payment options.
