The Roman vs. German Chamomile Tea Debate
When people reach for a box of chamomile tea at the store, they are most likely purchasing German chamomile, also known as Matricaria chamomilla. Roman chamomile, or Chamaemelum nobile, is a different species altogether, and the distinction is crucial for tea drinkers. While both are known for their calming properties, their flavors and cultivation differ significantly. German chamomile is generally preferred for tea for its milder, sweeter, and more apple-like flavor. Roman chamomile, on the other hand, is noted for a more robust and noticeably bitter taste. This bitterness, however, doesn't mean it makes bad tea. Instead, it offers a different, more intense herbal experience that some enthusiasts prefer or use for specific purposes.
Flavor Profile and Aromatics of Roman Chamomile
Roman chamomile is often described as having a strong, bittersweet, and herbaceous flavor with a pronounced apple-like fragrance. This complex taste profile can be a pleasant change for those who find German chamomile too mild or simple. The aroma, particularly when fresh, is intoxicatingly sweet and fruity. This unique flavor makes it an excellent candidate for blending with other herbs and natural sweeteners to create a more balanced brew. When brewed correctly, its bitterness can be a subtle undertone rather than an overpowering note.
Brewing Roman Chamomile: Tips for a Better Cup
To get the best cup of Roman chamomile tea and avoid excessive bitterness, brewing technique is key. Here is a simple guide to perfecting your brew:
- Use high-quality dried flower heads for the best flavor.
- Start with fresh, filtered water heated to just off the boil, around 90°C (195°F). Using water that is too hot can scald the delicate flowers and increase bitterness.
- Measure one heaped teaspoon of dried flowers per 200ml cup.
- Steep for a short time, between 3 to 5 minutes. As with any tea, over-steeping will draw out more bitter compounds, which can be particularly noticeable with Roman chamomile.
- Strain the flowers completely to prevent continued infusion.
- Sweeten with honey or add a slice of lemon to balance the bitter notes.
Health Benefits of Roman Chamomile Tea
Both Roman and German chamomile offer a range of health benefits, with Roman chamomile often highlighted for its robust medicinal properties. Some of the potential benefits include:
- Promotes Sleep and Relaxation: The herb contains apigenin, an antioxidant believed to bind to certain receptors in the brain that reduce insomnia. A warm cup can be part of a soothing nightly ritual.
- Aids Digestive Health: It has been traditionally used to relieve digestive issues like bloating, indigestion, and gas due to its anti-spasmodic effects.
- Anti-inflammatory Properties: The flower heads of Chamaemelum nobile contain terpenoids and other active ingredients with anti-inflammatory effects.
- Reduces Menstrual Pain: The tea contains compounds that help calm muscle spasms, which can be effective for relieving menstrual cramps.
- Boosts Immunity: Historically, chamomile has been used to fight bacteria and germs, though more research is needed in this area.
Roman Chamomile vs. German Chamomile for Tea: A Comparison
| Feature | Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) | German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) |
|---|---|---|
| Flavor Profile | More robust, bittersweet, and herbaceous with strong apple notes. | Milder, sweeter, and more mellow with a delicate apple flavor. |
| Growth Habit | Perennial, low-growing creeper, often used as a ground cover. | Annual, grows taller (up to 2 feet), with a more prolific bloom. |
| Best For | Strong, flavorful blends; those who enjoy a more bitter herbal taste. | Mild, single-herb tea; universally appealing flavor. |
| Primary Use | Often distilled for essential oil due to higher ester content; can be bitter as a tea. | Most common variety for commercial and homemade teas due to sweeter flavor and higher yield. |
Conclusion: Is Roman Chamomile Right for You?
While German chamomile is the more common and milder choice for tea, Roman chamomile can certainly make a good and satisfying cup for those who appreciate its unique characteristics. Its more potent, slightly bitter, and herbaceous flavor offers a more complex experience, especially when brewed thoughtfully. If you're someone who enjoys experimenting with different herbal infusions and isn't put off by a bolder flavor, Roman chamomile is definitely worth trying. Its calming and digestive benefits are on par with its more famous cousin, making it a valuable addition to any herbal remedy collection. For a balanced brew, consider adding honey, lemon, or blending it with other herbs. The key to enjoying this herb is to embrace its distinct personality rather than expecting a replication of German chamomile's sweetness. Here's a link to the NIH's information on chamomile.
