The Official Stance: No Added MSG
Swanson, a brand under the Campbell Soup Company, makes it clear on its product packaging and website that its broths and stocks contain no added MSG. The company promotes its broth as using 100% natural ingredients, without artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives. This direct labeling reassures consumers who are concerned about the a-dded flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG). However, the complexity lies in what constitutes 'added' versus naturally occurring sources of glutamates, the key component of MSG.
What the Label Really Says
When you examine the ingredients list for many Swanson chicken broth varieties, you'll see entries like "Chicken Stock," "Natural Flavoring," and "Yeast Extract". While not the same as adding pure MSG, these ingredients are crucial for understanding the product's flavor profile. Yeast extract is a byproduct of yeast fermentation, and during its creation, proteins are broken down into amino acids, including glutamic acid. When glutamic acid is combined with sodium, it becomes a glutamate, the same compound found in MSG. Therefore, though MSG isn't listed, glutamate is present via yeast extract and sometimes other natural flavorings.
Deciphering "Natural Flavors" and "Yeast Extract"
To be a truly informed consumer, it is important to distinguish between added MSG and the naturally occurring glutamates found in some ingredients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has clear labeling requirements.
- Added MSG: If the food manufacturer adds the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate directly, it must be listed as such on the ingredient panel.
- Naturally Occurring Glutamates: Ingredients like yeast extract, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, and soy extracts naturally contain glutamates. The FDA does not require food labels to state that these specific ingredients contain naturally occurring glutamates.
This is why Swanson can legally state "no added MSG" while still including ingredients rich in glutamates. The presence of yeast extract is what gives the broth its savory, umami flavor, but it is not the synthetic version of MSG that is often criticized.
The Difference Between Added MSG and Natural Glutamates
Both added MSG and the glutamates in yeast extract activate the same umami taste receptors on the tongue. However, their composition and consumer perception differ significantly.
- Yeast Extract: Contains naturally occurring glutamic acid along with other amino acids, proteins, and vitamins from the yeast cells. Its flavor is more complex, like a spice, and serves to deepen the overall savory character of a dish.
- Added MSG: Is a pure, synthesized form of the sodium salt of glutamic acid. It is a single-note flavor enhancer that boosts the existing flavors in a dish rather than adding its own.
Comparison: Added MSG vs. Natural Glutamates
Here's a detailed comparison to help understand the difference in flavoring profiles and sourcing.
| Feature | Added MSG | Yeast Extract (Natural Glutamate Source) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Produced by fermenting starch, sugar cane, or molasses. | Made from breaking down yeast cells via autolysis. |
| Purity | 100% sodium glutamate. | Contains naturally occurring glutamic acid along with other amino acids, peptides, and nutrients. |
| Function | Pure flavor enhancer, boosts existing flavors. | Adds its own complex, savory umami flavor and depth. |
| Labeling | Must be explicitly labeled as 'Monosodium Glutamate'. | Labeled as 'Yeast Extract' or 'Natural Flavoring'. |
| Consumer Perception | Can be viewed negatively by some consumers. | Generally perceived as a more natural, clean-label ingredient. |
How Glutamates Affect Flavor Perception
Glutamic acid is an amino acid that plays a vital role in our perception of taste, specifically umami, or the savory fifth taste. Whether derived from added MSG or natural ingredients like yeast extract, the glutamate molecule stimulates umami receptors. The savory compounds in Swanson's broth work to enhance and complement the natural flavors of the chicken and vegetables, creating a richer, more complex mouthfeel without relying on synthetic additives.
Navigating Product Variations
It's also worth noting that ingredient formulations can differ slightly across Swanson's product line. Some products, like specific unsalted or organic varieties, may have slightly different flavorings or processing methods. For instance, a basic chicken broth may list "Yeast Extract" and "Natural Flavoring," while a bone broth product or a specific organic line might have a more simplified ingredient panel. For the most accurate information, consumers should always check the ingredient list on the specific product they are purchasing. The brand offers many gluten-free products and specific options that avoid certain additives.
Conclusion
To answer the question, no, Swanson chicken broth does not contain added MSG. The company makes a clear effort to formulate its broths without this specific additive, which it highlights in its marketing. However, it does contain yeast extract and other natural flavorings which, by their nature, contain naturally occurring glutamates. These naturally derived glutamates serve a similar purpose to enhance savory flavor, often referred to as umami. For most consumers, this distinction is important for making informed purchasing decisions, especially for those sensitive to certain flavor components or those who prefer only the simplest of ingredients. For those looking for broth completely free of all forms of concentrated glutamates, homemade broth remains the only certain option. For further reading, a reliable source on food labeling and additives can be found on the FDA's Q&A page about MSG.
Note: Ingredient formulations can change, so always check the latest label for the most current information. The presence of yeast extract should be considered if you are sensitive to natural sources of glutamate.
