Understanding Glycyrrhizin in Black Licorice
Glycyrrhizin is a natural sweetening compound found in the root of the licorice plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is significantly sweeter than regular table sugar and is responsible for the distinct flavor of true black licorice. However, overconsumption of glycyrrhizin can lead to serious health effects, most notably affecting the body's potassium levels. This can result in abnormal heart rhythms, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular issues. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set specific limits on how much glycyrrhizin can be present in candy and other food products to ensure consumer safety.
The Role of Licorice Extract in Twizzlers
Twizzlers Black Licorice is not an anise-flavored imitation; it does contain real licorice extract. However, the amount is intentionally kept minimal to adhere to health and safety regulations. According to The Hershey Company, the producer of Twizzlers, their black licorice contains only a "very small amount" of the extract. This low level of licorice extract means the final product contains only a trace of glycyrrhizin, which is well below the FDA's maximum permitted amount for soft candy.
For context, the FDA permits up to 3.1% glycyrrhizin in soft candy. The amount in Twizzlers is significantly lower, making it a safer option for moderate consumption than products with higher concentrations of actual licorice root.
Comparison of Licorice Candies
| Feature | Twizzlers Black Licorice | Traditional Black Licorice | Licorice-Flavored Candy (e.g., Red Twizzlers) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contains Real Licorice Extract | Yes | Yes | No |
| Contains Glycyrrhizin | Yes, in minimal amounts | Yes, potentially in higher, more potent amounts | No |
| Primary Flavor Source | Licorice extract, plus artificial flavors | Primarily licorice root extract | Artificial flavoring, often anise oil |
| Risk of Health Issues | Very low with moderate consumption | Higher with excessive consumption, especially for sensitive individuals | Negligible, concerning glycyrrhizin-related issues |
| Commonality in US Market | Very common and mass-produced | Less common than fruity varieties, but available | The most popular type of "licorice" in the US |
Enjoying Black Licorice Responsibly
For most people, enjoying a moderate amount of Twizzlers Black Licorice is perfectly safe and poses no health risk. The low concentration of glycyrrhizin means you would have to consume an exceptionally large amount to experience any adverse effects. However, certain individuals should be more cautious. This includes people over 40 and those with pre-existing health conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney problems.
Health Warnings and Recommendations
The FDA advises that individuals over 40 consuming as little as two ounces of true black licorice a day for at least two weeks could be at risk of irregular heart rhythms. While this specific warning is for products with higher glycyrrhizin content, it highlights the importance of moderation for all forms of black licorice. The glycyrrhizin can affect potassium levels and interact with certain medications, including some diuretics and heart failure drugs.
If you are on medication or have any concerns about potential interactions, it is always best to consult a healthcare professional. For those with high blood pressure, the American Heart Association recommends checking with a doctor regarding black licorice consumption. The good news is that if any health issues arise from overconsumption, potassium levels often return to normal when licorice consumption is stopped.
Conclusion
Yes, Twizzlers Black Licorice contains a minimal amount of glycyrrhizin, derived from the licorice extract included in its ingredients. However, the amount is so small that it is far below the safe limits established by the FDA. For the average consumer, this means that enjoying Twizzlers Black Licorice in moderation is not a health risk. The warnings associated with glycyrrhizin primarily apply to excessive consumption of traditional black licorice with higher concentrations of the active compound. Always be mindful of your overall diet and consult a doctor if you have specific health concerns, but a handful of black Twizzlers is not something most people need to worry about.
