Twizzlers and Glycyrrhizin: Unpacking the Ingredients
Many consumers are surprised to learn that most Twizzlers products are not actually licorice, but rather a "licorice-type candy" that uses artificial flavoring. The vast majority of the company's output is dedicated to fruity flavors, like the familiar strawberry twists, which do not contain any licorice extract. Therefore, the question of whether these products contain glycyrrhizin is easily answered: they do not.
The Exception: Black Licorice Twizzlers
The crucial distinction lies with the black licorice-flavored Twizzlers. Unlike their fruity counterparts, these twists do contain a small amount of licorice extract, which is the source of the glycyrrhizin. However, as confirmed by Hershey's in response to FDA warnings, the glycyrrhizin levels in their black licorice products are well below the regulatory limits set by the U.S. FDA. This ingredient is listed on the packaging of any black licorice-containing product.
The Role of Glycyrrhizin in Licorice
Glycyrrhizin is a natural compound found in the licorice plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra, that is 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose. It is also responsible for certain medicinal and, in high doses, harmful effects. When consumed in large quantities, glycyrrhizin can cause potassium levels in the body to fall, potentially leading to adverse health effects such as high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, swelling, and lethargy. The U.S. FDA issued a warning in 2017 about the potential dangers of consuming excessive amounts of black licorice, recommending that adults over 40 should be cautious, and cited a link to hospitalizations due to heart arrhythmia.
Comparing True Licorice and Most Twizzlers
Understanding the fundamental difference between what constitutes true black licorice and most of the Twizzlers product line is key to deciphering the glycyrrhizin question. True black licorice derives its flavor from the natural root extract and is a centuries-old confection. Most Twizzlers, particularly the strawberry and other fruity flavors, rely on a combination of ingredients like corn syrup, wheat flour, sugar, and artificial flavorings to achieve their taste and chewy texture.
Comparison Table: Twizzlers vs. True Black Licorice
| Feature | Most Twizzlers (e.g., Strawberry) | True Black Licorice Candy |
|---|---|---|
| Flavor Source | Artificial flavorings | Licorice root extract |
| Contains Glycyrrhizin | No | Yes |
| Key Sweetener | Corn syrup, sugar | Glycyrrhizin, sugar |
| Commonality in US | Extremely common | Less popular, polarizing |
| Typical Color | Red, rainbow, etc. | Black |
| Primary Market | Mass market candy | Niche market/gourmet |
Health Considerations and Labeling
Since only the black licorice-flavored Twizzlers contain glycyrrhizin, the health concerns associated with this compound primarily apply to that specific product and other candies that use true licorice extract. Hershey's includes the ingredient on the packaging for their black licorice twists, making it possible for consumers to identify its presence. For those who need to avoid glycyrrhizin entirely, checking the ingredient list is the most reliable method. Fortunately, the more popular, fruity Twizzlers flavors are not a source of this compound.
Conclusion: The Final Verdict
When it comes to the question, "Does Twizzlers licorice contain glycyrrhizin?", the answer is both yes and no, depending entirely on the specific product. The iconic red, strawberry-flavored Twizzlers and other fruity varieties do not contain licorice root extract and are therefore free of glycyrrhizin. However, the black licorice-flavored Twizzlers do contain a small, FDA-compliant amount of licorice extract, and thus, glycyrrhizin. For the vast majority of consumers who enjoy the red variety, there is no need to worry about the health risks associated with excessive glycyrrhizin consumption. For fans of the black licorice version, it is worth remembering the FDA's guidance on moderation, especially for individuals over 40. Always check the ingredients list if you are concerned about your intake of this specific compound. For further reading, an article from the FDA provides additional details on the risks of excessive black licorice consumption.
