Understanding AREDS 2 Intake Recommendations
For many commercially available AREDS 2 supplements, a common daily approach involves splitting the intake into two parts, such as a morning and evening dose. It is crucial to follow the specific directions on the product label, as concentrations can vary between brands. The goal is to provide nutrient amounts similar to those found effective in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2). This divided intake approach is thought to help with absorption and may minimize the potential for stomach upset sometimes associated with higher mineral levels. The supplement is generally advised to be taken with food, which can aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like E and carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin.
The Official AREDS 2 Formula Composition
The National Eye Institute (NEI) defined the specific composition and daily amounts of the AREDS 2 formula based on its clinical trial. The key ingredients and their official daily amounts are:
- Vitamin C: 500 mg
- Vitamin E: 400 IU
- Zinc (as zinc oxide): 80 mg
- Copper (as cupric oxide): 2 mg
- Lutein: 10 mg
- Zeaxanthin: 2 mg
This formulation is designed to provide potent antioxidant support and deliver vital nutrients to the macula. It's noted that higher amounts of zinc can interfere with copper absorption, so copper is included to help maintain proper mineral balance.
AREDS 2 vs. The Original AREDS Formula
The AREDS2 trial, published in 2013, refined the original AREDS formula. A primary difference involves the removal of beta-carotene, which was replaced with lutein and zeaxanthin. This change is particularly relevant for individuals who smoke or have a history of smoking.
Comparison of AREDS Formulas
| Nutrient | Original AREDS Formula | AREDS 2 Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Beta-carotene | 15 mg | ❌ Removed |
| Lutein | ❌ Not included | ✅ 10 mg |
| Zeaxanthin | ❌ Not included | ✅ 2 mg |
| Vitamin C | 500 mg | 500 mg |
| Vitamin E | 400 IU | 400 IU |
| Zinc (Zinc Oxide) | 80 mg | 80 mg |
| Copper (Cupric Oxide) | 2 mg | 2 mg |
Key Reasons for the Change
- Beta-Carotene Risk: The original AREDS formula's inclusion of beta-carotene was found to increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers and former smokers. The AREDS2 formula is considered safer for all individuals, regardless of their smoking status.
- Enhanced Macular Support: The addition of lutein and zeaxanthin may offer support for the macula by acting as antioxidants and helping to filter blue light.
Who Might Benefit from AREDS 2?
AREDS 2 supplements are not intended for everyone. The clinical trials showed no benefit for individuals without AMD or with only early signs of the disease. Instead, this specific supplement is generally recommended for those who have:
- Intermediate AMD: In one or both eyes, to help slow the progression to advanced AMD.
- Advanced AMD (Wet or Dry): In one eye only, to help lower the risk of developing it in the other eye.
It is essential to have a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist to determine if AREDS 2 supplementation is appropriate for your situation. The supplement is not a cure and is not expected to reverse existing vision damage.
Potential Considerations and Precautions
While AREDS 2 is generally considered safe, the levels of vitamins and minerals can sometimes cause side effects, particularly related to the zinc content. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea or stomach upset. Taking the supplement with food can help mitigate these effects. The level of zinc included in the formula is balanced with copper to help prevent potential absorption interference. High levels of vitamin E can potentially interact with certain medications. Always consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any new supplement, especially if you have other medical conditions or are taking other medications.
Choosing an AREDS 2 Supplement
The supplement market can have variations in product quality. When selecting a supplement, it's generally advised to choose a product that aligns with the NEI-recommended formula to be most consistent with the clinical trial results. Some brands might have variations in ingredient amounts or include additional components, so always read the label carefully. If you are unsure, discussing options with your ophthalmologist may be helpful.
Conclusion
In summary, understanding how many AREDS 2 per day aligns with typical recommendations often involves a divided daily approach, taken with meals to potentially improve absorption and reduce the risk of side effects. This formulation, based on the NEI's AREDS2 clinical trial, provides a specific combination of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin intended to help slow the progression of intermediate and advanced age-related macular degeneration. It is generally considered a tool for those with the condition but should only be considered under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Choosing a product that closely matches the NEI's recommended formula is important to ensure consistency with the study. For more information on the studies, visit the official National Eye Institute website.
