The Current Market Price for Large Eggs
The price of large eggs per dozen is not static; it is subject to dramatic market fluctuations. While earlier in 2025 the United States experienced soaring egg prices, with wholesale benchmarks peaking significantly, more recent data reflects a reversal in this trend. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics data referenced in a recent financial analysis, the average price for a dozen Grade A large eggs was around $3.59 in 2025, though commodity markets showed prices plummeting in early October 2025 to near $1.06 per dozen. Retail prices lag behind these wholesale commodity shifts, meaning consumers saw a wide range of pricing throughout the year.
The price you pay also depends on your location, the type of store you are shopping at, and whether you are buying conventional or specialty eggs. A regional discount grocer may offer lower prices, while an urban health-food chain will likely have higher prices reflective of their operational costs and typical product offerings.
Key Factors Driving Egg Price Volatility
Several forces, both internal and external to the poultry industry, contribute to the frequent and sometimes drastic changes in egg prices.
Disease Outbreaks and Supply Chain Impact
One of the most significant factors in recent years has been the outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), or bird flu. Outbreaks can necessitate the culling of millions of laying hens to prevent the spread of the virus, causing a massive disruption to the egg supply. It takes many months for farmers to repopulate their flocks, meaning supply remains constrained for an extended period, which keeps prices high.
Rising Feed Costs
Feed is the largest expense for egg producers, representing over half of their total costs. The price of feed ingredients, primarily corn and soybeans, is subject to its own market pressures, including global supply chain disruptions, weather events, and geopolitical issues. When grain prices rise, production costs for egg farmers increase, and these costs are inevitably passed on to the consumer.
Seasonal and Demand Shifts
Egg-laying cycles naturally slow down during colder, darker winter months due to reduced daylight, which can cause a temporary dip in supply. Conversely, demand spikes during certain holidays like Easter and Christmas, when baking and entertaining increase egg consumption. This combination of lower seasonal supply and higher seasonal demand can create a recipe for price hikes.
Conventional vs. Specialty Egg Pricing
While conventional large eggs are the standard for most shoppers, the market also offers specialty eggs that come with a higher price tag. The price difference is driven by higher production costs associated with specific farming methods and hen diets.
| Egg Type | Price Range (per dozen) | Production Method Differences |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Large | ~$2.00 - $4.00 | Hens are typically housed in cages indoors with controlled lighting. Focus is on efficiency and cost-effectiveness. |
| Cage-Free Large | ~$4.00 - $6.00 | Hens are not in cages and have the freedom to roam within a barn or aviary system. Higher production costs due to more space and labor. |
| Organic Large | ~$5.00 - $8.00 | Hens are raised cage-free, fed a 100% organic diet, and are not given antibiotics. They must have access to outdoor areas, further increasing costs. |
How to Calculate the Best Egg Value
Sometimes, larger cartons or different egg sizes offer better value per ounce. You can use a simple calculation to compare different sizes and quantities.
The Egg Value Formula: Divide the price of the smaller eggs by 8. If the price difference between the dozen of larger eggs and smaller eggs is less than the result of your division, the larger eggs are the better value. This is because each egg size increases in weight by 3 ounces per dozen. For example, large eggs are 24 oz/dozen, while extra-large are 27 oz/dozen, a 3 oz difference.
A practical application
If a dozen large eggs costs $3.00 and a dozen extra-large eggs costs $3.25, which is the better buy? The price difference is $0.25. $3.00 (price of large) divided by 8 is $0.375. Since the $0.25 price difference is less than $0.375, the extra-large eggs are a better value per ounce.
Strategies for Saving Money on Eggs
Given the volatility of egg prices, adopting smart shopping habits can help you manage your budget. Here are some key strategies to employ:
- Shop sales and compare store prices: Use weekly flyers and shopping apps to find the best deals at local grocery stores. Egg prices can vary significantly between retailers.
- Buy in bulk (with caution): When prices are low, buying larger flats of 18 or 30 eggs can save money per dozen, but only if you will use them before they expire. Check expiration dates carefully.
- Freeze excess eggs: If you find a great deal on a large quantity, you can freeze eggs. Beat them until blended, add a pinch of salt or sugar to preserve texture (optional), and pour into an ice cube tray or freezer-safe container. They will last for several months and are great for baking or scrambling.
- Consider jumbo eggs: Sometimes, jumbo eggs are only marginally more expensive than large or extra-large and can offer a better value per ounce of product, as illustrated in the calculation method above.
- Check local farm stands or markets: In some areas, buying directly from a small local producer can be cheaper than buying mass-market eggs, depending on their cost structure.
Conclusion: Anticipating Future Egg Prices
Looking ahead, egg prices will likely continue their volatile pattern. While recent market data shows a significant drop from the highs of early 2025, underlying issues like avian influenza outbreaks and high feed costs remain persistent risks. The long cycle for flock repopulation means supply can be slow to recover after an event like bird flu. Consumers should expect continued fluctuations and focus on value-driven shopping tactics. The key is to stay informed about market trends and be flexible in your purchasing habits to make your grocery budget go further. For authoritative information on egg farming and industry data, you can consult sources like The American Egg Board.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why have large egg prices been so volatile recently?
Egg prices have been volatile due to major factors like HPAI (bird flu) outbreaks that reduce supply, global feed cost increases, seasonal production shifts, and inflationary pressures on labor and transportation.
Are cage-free or organic large eggs more expensive?
Yes, cage-free and organic large eggs are typically more expensive than conventional eggs due to higher production costs associated with feeding hens organic diets, providing more space, and adhering to stricter welfare regulations.
Is it possible to find large eggs for under $2.00 a dozen?
As of early October 2025, wholesale commodity prices dropped below $2.00, suggesting that some retailers may offer promotions at or near this price point, but it varies regionally and depends on local market conditions.
How can I make sure I'm getting the best value per dozen?
You can use the egg value formula, which compares the price per ounce across different egg sizes and quantities. Comparing prices per ounce, especially for larger eggs like jumbo, can reveal the best value.
Do egg prices go down in the summer?
Egg prices can be affected by summer heat, which can cause a drop in egg production. However, seasonal demand shifts and holiday baking can also play a significant role in influencing prices.
Why do different grocery stores have different egg prices?
Retailers set their own markups based on operating costs and local competition. Pricing can vary widely between a budget-friendly store and an urban, high-end market.
Can I freeze eggs to save money?
Yes, you can freeze eggs by blending them and storing them in freezer-safe containers or ice cube trays. Freezing allows you to buy in bulk when prices are low and use them later for baking or scrambling.
