The exact weight of a single scallop is not a fixed number but rather a range determined by its species, age, and environmental factors. The two most common types found in the market—bay scallops and sea scallops—differ significantly in size and weight, and understanding these distinctions is key to purchasing the right amount for your recipes.
Understanding Scallop Sizing
In commercial seafood markets, scallops are typically sold by weight and graded according to how many individual scallop meats fit into a single pound. This sizing convention is counterintuitive: the lower the count number, the larger the individual scallops are. For instance, a 'U/10' grade means 'under 10' scallops per pound, indicating a very large size, while a '70/120' grade refers to many small bay scallops per pound.
The Mighty Sea Scallop
Sea scallops are the larger, more common variety, fished from the cold, deep waters of the ocean. Their substantial size and firm texture make them ideal for pan-searing, grilling, and other applications where a robust piece of protein is desired. A typical sea scallop can vary widely in weight depending on its grade:
- U/10 (Super Colossal): These are the largest scallops available, with under 10 scallops per pound. A single one can weigh more than 45 grams.
- 10/20 (Colossal): Ranging from 10 to 20 per pound, these scallops are still very large. An individual can weigh between 22 and 45 grams.
- 20/30 (Jumbo): A popular size for many restaurants, with 20 to 30 scallops per pound. A single one typically weighs between 15 and 23 grams.
- 30/40 (Large): While smaller, these still offer a satisfying bite. An individual weighs between 11 and 15 grams.
The Petite Bay Scallop
Bay scallops, harvested from the shallow, protected waters of bays and estuaries, are significantly smaller than their sea-dwelling counterparts. Their delicate texture and sweeter flavor profile make them perfect for pasta sauces, stir-fries, and ceviches.
- 60/120 (Small to Extra Small): This is the typical size grade for bay scallops, indicating 60 to 120 scallops per pound. An individual bay scallop can weigh anywhere from 4 to 8 grams.
- 120+ (Petite): These are the tiniest scallops, sometimes labeled as petite, with over 120 per pound and weighing just a few grams each.
Factors Influencing a Scallop's Weight
Several elements can affect the final weight of a scallop, even within the same species. When purchasing, it's helpful to be aware of these variables:
- Water Content: Many scallops are treated with a sodium phosphate solution to make them retain moisture, which increases their weight. These are known as "wet" scallops. "Dry" scallops are untreated and offer a more natural flavor and better caramelization when seared.
- Habitat and Environment: As noted in research, factors like water temperature, salinity, and food availability can directly impact scallop growth and, consequently, their size and weight.
- Sourcing: Hand-caught "diver" scallops are often larger and more prized for their taste and texture. They are typically graded in the U/10 to U/15 range and command a higher price.
- Processing: The weight of a shucked scallop refers to the adductor muscle only, which is the edible part. The total weight of a scallop in its shell would be significantly heavier, though not typically sold this way in retail.
Comparison of Common Scallop Weights
| Scallop Type | Average Weight (Approximate) | Market Sizing | Common Culinary Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Large Sea Scallop | 15-23 grams | 20/30 | Pan-searing, grilling, entrees |
| Colossal Sea Scallop | 22-45+ grams | 10/20, U/10 | Grilling, fine dining, showcase dishes |
| Bay Scallop | 4-8 grams | 60/120 | Pastas, soups, stir-fries, ceviche |
| Diver Scallop | 22-45+ grams | U/10, 10/15 | Pan-searing (prized for flavor) |
How to Choose the Right Scallop Size
When at the store, consider your recipe and cooking method. For a stunning, restaurant-quality entree, larger sea or diver scallops are the way to go. Their size allows for a proper sear, creating a beautiful crust while keeping the interior tender. For recipes that involve mixing the scallops with other ingredients, like a creamy pasta or a delicate salad, smaller bay scallops are a better fit. Their size prevents them from being overcooked in a shorter timeframe. Being mindful of these differences will ensure you have the best possible culinary result.
In conclusion, understanding how much a single scallop weighs depends heavily on its species and commercial size grade. By recognizing the difference between the large, meaty sea scallops and the small, sweet bay scallops, you can make an informed decision at the market. Opt for higher grades (lower count numbers) for larger scallops and lower grades (higher count numbers) for smaller ones, always keeping your intended cooking method in mind. For more detailed information on local seafood, you can consult regional resources like the Maine Department of Marine Resources on sea scallop surveys. This knowledge will ensure you select the perfect scallop for your next dish.
Conclusion: Scallop Weight Varies by Type
To determine how much a single scallop weighs, you must first identify its type and size grade. Large sea scallops can weigh over 45 grams, while small bay scallops weigh only a few grams each. Sizing labels like 'U/10' (under 10 per pound) or '60/120' (60-120 per pound) are key to understanding the relative weight of individual scallops. Choosing between types depends on your recipe, with larger scallops best for searing and smaller ones for quick-cooking dishes. Always consider if you are buying wet or dry scallops, as wet scallops retain more water and, therefore, weigh more.
