The Traditional Roots of Falafel
Falafel has a rich history in Middle Eastern cuisine. Historians believe it began in ancient Egypt. The earliest versions, known as ta'ameya, used fava beans as a hearty, plant-based meal. Coptic Christians in Egypt ate it as a meat substitute during Lent. As the recipe spread, chickpeas were used instead of or with fava beans. The recipe has always used plant-based ingredients like legumes, herbs, onions, garlic, and spices. The mixture is ground and shaped into balls or patties before frying.
The All-Important Binder
Traditional falafel recipes use dried chickpeas or fava beans that have been soaked overnight, but not cooked. This creates a starchy mixture that binds when fried. Using canned, pre-cooked chickpeas can create a mushy texture. Some modern recipes use egg, making the dish non-vegan.
Potential Non-Vegan Variations and Hidden Ingredients
While traditional falafel is vegan, variations can occur. Non-vegan concerns come from ingredients or practices like eggs as a binder, cross-contamination from shared frying oil, and dairy-based sauces or cheese toppings. Pre-made mixes should have their ingredients checked.
Navigating the Falafel Landscape: A Comparison
| Aspect | Traditional Falafel (Vegan) | Modern Falafel (Potentially Not Vegan) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Ingredients | Soaked dried chickpeas or fava beans | Soaked dried chickpeas or sometimes canned chickpeas |
| Binder | Natural starch from soaked legumes | May use egg to bind if using cooked legumes |
| Frying Oil | Plant-based vegetable oil | May be cooked in oil shared with meat products |
| Common Sauces | Tahini sauce (sesame-based) | Yogurt-based sauces (tzatziki) |
| Additives | Pure, natural spices and herbs | Possible additives in pre-made mixes |
| Toppings | Pickles, fresh vegetables | Feta or other dairy-based cheeses |
Making Your Own vs. Ordering Out
Making falafel at home with only plant-based ingredients is the most reliable way to ensure it is vegan. When ordering out, inquire about the recipe, frying oil, shared fryers, and request vegan toppings like tahini.
The Global Spread and Evolution of Falafel
Falafel's vegan nature has contributed to its global popularity, appearing in modern variations like falafel burgers. However, these forms might not always be vegan. The dish's history highlights its adaptability and delicious plant-based roots. Learn more about its history here: Falafel: A History of Flavour.
Conclusion: The Final Verdict
Traditionally, falafel is a vegan dish made from legumes, herbs, and spices. To ensure a vegan experience, be aware of potential non-vegan binders, cross-contamination, and dairy-based accompaniments. Whether homemade or ordered with caution, falafel remains a flavorful, plant-based choice.
