What is Fractionated Coconut Oil?
Fractionated coconut oil (FCO) is a form of coconut oil that has undergone a process called fractionation. This involves heating regular coconut oil above its melting point and then allowing it to cool slowly. During cooling, the long-chain fatty acids, which have higher melting points and cause the oil to solidify, are separated and removed. The result is a light, colorless, and odorless oil that consists primarily of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), specifically capric (C10) and caprylic (C8) acids, which remain in a liquid state.
This process also significantly extends FCO's shelf life compared to virgin coconut oil, which is more prone to rancidity over time. Because of its stability and lack of scent, FCO is a popular ingredient in the cosmetic industry and is often sold as a carrier oil for essential oils.
Is Topical Use of Fractionated Coconut Oil Safe?
For most people, using fractionated coconut oil on the skin is considered safe. Its lightweight, non-greasy nature and quick absorption make it a preferred choice over traditional coconut oil for many skincare applications. FCO is particularly beneficial for:
- Sensitive and dry skin: It provides effective hydration and soothing properties without leaving a heavy, oily residue.
- Essential oil dilution: As a carrier oil, it's excellent for diluting essential oils for topical application. This helps reduce the risk of skin irritation from potent essential oils.
- Non-comedogenic properties: Unlike some reports on regular coconut oil, FCO is generally considered less likely to clog pores. This makes it a more suitable facial moisturizer for those with acne-prone or sensitive skin.
Safety Precautions for Topical Use:
- Always perform a patch test on a small area of skin before widespread application, especially if you have sensitive skin.
- Be aware of potential coconut allergies, though they are rare. Discontinue use if you experience redness, itching, or irritation.
Is Ingesting Fractionated Coconut Oil Safe?
While fractionated coconut oil is the same fundamental product as MCT oil, it is crucial to distinguish between cosmetic-grade FCO and food-grade MCT oil. If a product is sold as a dietary supplement, it has been processed under food-safe conditions. However, FCO marketed for cosmetic use may not be safe for consumption, so you must always check the label.
Potential side effects of ingesting MCT/FCO:
- Digestive upset: Some people may experience mild digestive issues like stomach cramps, diarrhea, or vomiting, especially when first introduced to the diet. Starting with a small dosage and increasing gradually can help mitigate this.
- Weight management: The MCTs in fractionated coconut oil are metabolized differently, providing a quick source of energy that may aid in weight management by reducing hunger and increasing calorie burn. However, the weight loss effect is modest and results are mixed.
Fractionated vs. Regular Coconut Oil: Safety and Use Comparison
| Feature | Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO) | Regular Coconut Oil |
|---|---|---|
| Consistency | Always liquid, regardless of temperature | Solid below 75°F (24°C), melts above |
| Composition | Primarily caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acids; long-chain fatty acids (including lauric acid) removed | Contains a variety of fatty acids, including high levels of lauric acid |
| Comedogenic Rating | Generally non-comedogenic (lower risk of clogging pores) | Moderately to highly comedogenic (higher risk of clogging pores) |
| Shelf Life | Very long and stable due to removal of oxidation-prone fatty acids | Prone to rancidity over time, shorter shelf life once opened |
| Scent & Color | Odorless and colorless, making it ideal for essential oil blending | Distinct coconut scent and white appearance |
| Best For | Carrier oil, sensitive skin moisturizer, massage oil | Cooking, moisturizing very dry areas (not face if acne-prone), hair conditioning |
Risks and Considerations
While generally safe, there are risks associated with FCO depending on its application and individual health factors.
Absence of Lauric Acid Benefits
The refining process removes lauric acid, a key component of regular coconut oil known for its powerful antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. If you're using coconut oil for these specific benefits, FCO is not the right choice.
Potential for Digestive Issues with Ingestion
As mentioned, consuming FCO or MCT oil can lead to digestive discomfort. This risk is higher for those new to these oils or who consume large quantities too quickly.
Allergy Risk
Though rare, an allergy to coconuts can cause adverse reactions to FCO, whether applied topically or ingested.
Sourcing and Purity
The safety of FCO, especially for internal consumption, is tied to its manufacturing process and grade. Lower-quality products may contain chemical residues from processing. Always opt for a reputable brand and check labels to ensure the product's grade matches your intended use.
Incompatible with Latex
Fractionated coconut oil, like regular coconut oil and other oil-based products, can degrade latex condoms. It should not be used as a lubricant with latex products to prevent breakage and potential health risks. Water-based lubricants are the safer alternative.
Conclusion
So, is fractionated coconut oil safe to use? The answer is a resounding "yes" for most topical applications. Its lightweight, moisturizing, and non-comedogenic properties make it a safe and versatile option for skin and hair care, particularly as a carrier oil for essential oils or for sensitive skin. However, if you plan to ingest it, you must ensure you are purchasing a food-grade MCT oil and not a product intended solely for cosmetic use.
By understanding the key differences between fractionated and regular coconut oil and being mindful of proper usage, you can safely incorporate FCO into your personal wellness routine. Always consider potential allergies and test the product on a small area of skin first to ensure it is right for you. For further research, consider reading more on the nuances of MCT oil and coconut oil processing, for example, from Healthline on Fractionated Coconut Oil.
