The Ingredients of Kraft Grated Parmesan Cheese
On the front of its iconic shaker, Kraft labels its product as "100% Grated Parmesan Cheese". While this claim is technically accurate in that it contains parmesan cheese, a look at the ingredient list reveals a more complex picture. The ingredients typically include:
- Parmesan Cheese (Pasteurized Part-Skim Milk, Cheese Culture, Salt, Enzymes)
- Cellulose Powder (to prevent caking)
- Potassium Sorbate (to protect flavor)
At its core, the product does start with cheese, which is made using standard dairy ingredients like milk, cheese culture, salt, and enzymes. However, the inclusion of cellulose and potassium sorbate is what differentiates it from a solid block of authentic parmesan and makes the term "100%" a bit misleading to consumers who believe it implies a lack of additives.
Understanding Cellulose and Anti-Caking Agents
One of the most controversial ingredients found in many pre-grated cheeses is cellulose powder, which is derived from wood pulp or cotton lint. Its primary purpose in grated cheese is to serve as a safe, FDA-approved anti-caking agent, preventing the cheese from clumping and absorbing excess moisture to extend its shelf life. In 2016, a Bloomberg report found that while some cellulose is acceptable, several brands, including Kraft, had higher-than-expected percentages. The FDA considers cellulose to be "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS), and it passes through the body as dietary fiber. However, the inclusion of any additive is a point of contention for cheese purists seeking an unadulterated product.
The Crucial Distinction: Parmesan vs. Parmigiano-Reggiano
To truly understand the difference, one must distinguish between the generic term "parmesan" and the protected designation "Parmigiano-Reggiano".
- Parmigiano-Reggiano: In Europe, this is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese. To be labeled as such, it must be produced exclusively in the provinces of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, and Mantua in Italy, following strict traditional methods. It is aged for a minimum of 12 months, and often much longer, allowing a deep, complex flavor to develop.
- Generic "Parmesan": In the United States, the name "parmesan" is not protected, and any manufacturer can use it on a product that contains some form of parmesan cheese. This is how Kraft, and many other brands, can sell a product called "parmesan" that does not adhere to the authentic Italian production rules.
The Impact of Aging on Flavor
The different aging processes significantly impact the final product. Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano's lengthy aging allows its enzymes to break down proteins and fats, resulting in a distinctively nutty, salty, and complex flavor with a crystalline, granular texture. Kraft's grated cheese, aged for a shorter period, is much milder in comparison, and its texture is impacted by the anti-caking additives.
A Quick Comparison: Kraft vs. Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano
| Feature | Kraft Grated 'Parmesan' | Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Not specifically defined, produced domestically (in North America). | Only produced in specific regions of Italy. |
| Ingredients | Includes added cellulose powder and potassium sorbate. | Made with only milk, salt, and rennet. |
| Aging Period | Aged for a shorter period, around six months. | Aged for a minimum of 12 months, up to 36 or more. |
| Texture | Fine, powdery texture due to additives preventing caking. | Gritty and crystalline, with a crumbly consistency. |
| Flavor | Mild and salty, with less complexity. | Intense, nutty, and complex with savory notes. |
| Labeling | Labeled as "parmesan" in the U.S., not subject to PDO. | Labeled as "Parmigiano-Reggiano" with a PDO stamp. |
What to Look For When Buying Parmesan
For those seeking an authentic experience, there are clear signs to look for:
- Check the Label: Look for the term "Parmigiano-Reggiano" on the label. If you see this, you are getting the authentic Italian product.
- Examine the Rind: Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano will have the name stamped in a dotted pattern on the rind.
- Buy the Block: Purchasing a block of cheese and grating it yourself ensures no additives like cellulose are included. This is the best way to get the purest flavor.
- Ingredient List: Always check the ingredient list for any unexpected additives or preservatives. Authentic versions will have a very short list: milk, salt, and enzymes.
Conclusion: Real Cheese, But Not The Real Thing
The question of whether Kraft grated parmesan cheese is real cheese is a matter of both technical and culinary perspective. Technically, yes, it contains real cheese, which is the primary ingredient. However, the use of additives like cellulose and its shorter aging process disqualify it from being considered authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano. For convenience and a familiar taste profile, Kraft's grated cheese is a popular and accessible option. However, for a true, rich, and complex parmesan experience, discerning cooks and food lovers should opt for a block of authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano. The final choice comes down to prioritizing convenience over culinary tradition.
Center for Science in the Public Interest: Why Wood Pulp in Your Parmesan Won't Kill You
