Was Red 3 in McCormick Products?
Yes, for many years, McCormick's red food color contained a mix of both FD&C Red No. 40 and FD&C Red No. 3. The bright, consistent red color that home bakers and food processors relied on was often a result of this specific combination of synthetic petroleum-based dyes. However, following decades of scrutiny and a 2022 petition from public health organizations, the FDA officially banned the use of Red 3 in food in January 2025.
McCormick, like other major food companies, was already aware of the mounting pressure and potential regulatory changes. A company spokesperson stated in January 2025 that the company had already begun phasing out the use of Red 3 prior to the FDA's ruling. Manufacturers have until January 2027 to ensure their food and beverage products are free of the additive, though many have already begun the transition to alternative colorants. This means that while older bottles of McCormick red food color may have contained Red 3, newer formulations will not.
The FDA Ban on Red 3: What You Need to Know
The FDA's ban on Red 3 was a long-awaited move based on findings from animal studies conducted in the 1980s that linked the dye to thyroid cancer in rats. A provision of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, known as the Delaney Clause, mandates that the FDA prohibit any food additive shown to cause cancer in animals or humans. Although the FDA first banned Red 3 for use in cosmetics in 1990 based on these findings, it took more than 30 years to extend the ban to food products.
In addition to potential carcinogenicity, animal studies have also linked Red 3 to other health concerns, including:
- Disruption of thyroid hormone regulation by inhibiting iodine absorption.
- Increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which can damage brain tissue.
How to Identify Red 3 on Food Labels
Until the January 2027 deadline for reformulation passes, it is important to know how to identify Red 3 on ingredient lists if you wish to avoid it. Manufacturers are required to list any artificial dyes by name. Look for the following terms:
- FD&C Red No. 3
- Red No. 3
- Red 3
- Erythrosine
Comparison: Red 3 vs. Red 40 vs. Natural Alternatives
With Red 3 on its way out, many consumers might wonder about the safety of other food colorings, especially the more common FD&C Red No. 40. The table below compares these dyes and natural alternatives based on key factors like source, health concerns, and current status.
| Feature | FD&C Red No. 3 (Erythrosine) | FD&C Red No. 40 (Allura Red) | Natural Red Alternatives (e.g., Beetroot, Lycopene) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Petroleum-based synthetic dye. | Petroleum-based synthetic dye. | Plant, insect, or mineral sources. |
| Carcinogenic Risk | Linked to thyroid tumors in animal studies; banned by the FDA in 2025. | Studies have generally not shown a link to cancer, but some research raises concerns. | No known carcinogenic risk. |
| Behavioral Effects | Associated with hyperactivity in children. | Associated with hyperactivity and behavioral issues in children, especially in Europe where products require warning labels. | No known behavioral effects. |
| Other Health Concerns | Endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity. | Potential for allergic reactions in sensitive individuals and contamination with carcinogens like benzidine. | Some individuals may be sensitive to certain natural colorants, but generally considered safe. |
| Regulatory Status | Banned in U.S. food and drugs as of 2025; manufacturers have until 2027 to comply. | FDA-approved, though some states (e.g., California) have banned it in public school foods. Restricted in Europe. | Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA, with some specific colorants having their own approvals. |
Choosing a Healthier Diet: Ditching Artificial Dyes
While the FDA's ban on Red 3 is a significant step, it highlights a larger issue in food and nutrition: the prevalence of unnecessary artificial additives. For individuals concerned about food safety and the potential effects of artificial colors, a simple and effective strategy is to reduce consumption of ultra-processed foods. Foods with the most artificial colors are often low in nutritional value, like candies, brightly colored drinks, and baked goods.
For those who love to bake or color food at home, natural alternatives are a great option. You can create vibrant red hues from sources like:
- Beetroot powder: A popular, concentrated option for pinks and reds.
- Pomegranate or raspberry juice: Reduced to a concentrated liquid for intense color.
- Tomato paste: A savory option for recipes like chili or sauces.
- Beet puree: A simple way to add color to frostings or other sweets.
Conclusion: Navigating Your Food Choices
In summary, McCormick's red food coloring did contain Red 3, but due to a 2025 FDA ban, the company has been in the process of reformulating its products. This change is a win for consumer safety, as the ban was motivated by evidence of potential health risks associated with the dye. While the phase-out continues, consumers are encouraged to read ingredient labels and consider natural alternatives to reduce their intake of artificial food colors. Ultimately, focusing on a diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods is the most effective strategy for improving overall health and minimizing exposure to synthetic additives. For more information on the FDA's ban, you can visit the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a key advocate for the ban.
