Are Humans at the Top of the Food Chain in the Ocean?
                                
                                
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                                    2 min read                                
                            
                                According to a 2013 study published in the journal PNAS, the average human trophic level is only 2.21, putting us on par with creatures like pigs and anchovies, far from the top of the food chain. While our technological prowess allows us to harvest marine life, our biological position is surprisingly low compared to the ocean's true apex predators. This article explores why humans are not at the top of the ocean's food chain, contrasting our ecological role with the animals who truly dominate the marine ecosystem.