Tag: Polyhydroxy aldehydes

While fatty acids are defined by their carboxyl group, the majority of carbohydrates are fundamentally different and are not acidic in nature. They are complex biomolecules with distinct chemical structures that prevent them from behaving like traditional acids, which can be a point of confusion. This article will delve into the molecular details that explain why carbohydrates, including simple sugars like glucose, are considered neutral compounds, and why some carbohydrate derivatives do exhibit acidic properties.

In the mid-19th century, chemists first coined the term 'carbohydrate' based on a simple, yet flawed, observation. This old definition described these compounds as 'hydrates of carbon,' represented by the empirical formula $C_n(H_2O)_m$, reflecting the seeming equal ratio of hydrogen and oxygen atoms to those in water.

Carbohydrates are the most abundant and widespread organic substances in nature, playing a vital role in all life. Despite their common presence in daily diets, the official scientific definition of a carbohydrate is more precise and goes beyond simple sugars and starches.