The rise of health consciousness has led many people to seek convenient ways to supplement their diets, with products like AG1 (formerly Athletic Greens) becoming immensely popular. Marketed as an all-in-one nutritional drink, AG1 promises to provide a wide array of vitamins, minerals, and other health-boosting compounds. However, as consumers become more aware of the distinction between whole foods and processed foods, a common and important question arises: is AG1 an ultra-processed food? The answer is complex, hinging on the technical definition of processing rather than a simple health judgment.
What is the NOVA Food Classification System?
To understand the label of "ultra-processed," one must look to the NOVA classification system, a widely recognized tool that categorizes foods based on their degree of industrial processing.
- Group 1: Unprocessed or minimally processed foods. These are foods in their natural state or minimally altered by simple processes like drying, crushing, or pasteurization. Examples include fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, milk, and eggs.
- Group 2: Processed culinary ingredients. These are derived from Group 1 foods or nature via simple industrial processes like pressing (oils), refining (sugar), and grinding (flour). They are primarily used in kitchens for cooking and seasoning.
- Group 3: Processed foods. This category consists of relatively simple products made by adding salt, sugar, oil, or other Group 2 ingredients to Group 1 foods. Examples include canned vegetables, cheeses, and freshly made bread.
- Group 4: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs). This is the key category in this discussion. UPFs are industrial formulations made mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods and additives, with little to no intact Group 1 food. These products use ingredients and processing techniques not found in domestic kitchens, such as hydrolyzation and extrusion. Common indicators include long, complex ingredient lists containing artificial flavors, emulsifiers, and non-sugar sweeteners.
Examining AG1's Ingredients and Processing
AG1 is a powdered supplement containing over 75 ingredients, broadly categorized into several proprietary blends. These include a 'superfood complex,' a 'nutrient-dense extracts' blend, and complexes for mushrooms and probiotics.
- Ingredient Composition: While many ingredients are derived from plants and other whole food sources (like spirulina, apple powder, and extracts), they are not present in their whole food form. Instead, they are extracts, isolates, and compounds, including synthetic vitamins added to boost the micronutrient profile. The formula also contains natural flavors and a non-sugar sweetener (stevia).
- Manufacturing: The process of converting whole foods into a shelf-stable powder with over 75 ingredients is inherently industrial. It involves extensive processing, such as drying, milling, and formulating, to create a final product with consistent taste, texture, and nutrient content. While AG1 is transparent about its rigorous testing for contaminants, the methods used to create the product align with industrial, not culinary, processing.
The Verdict: Is AG1 an Ultra-Processed Food?
Given the NOVA framework, yes, AG1 is accurately classified as an ultra-processed product. Its reliance on industrially derived ingredients, extracts, isolates, and additives places it firmly in the NOVA Group 4 category. This, however, is not a moral judgment on its overall quality. Acknowledging this classification is crucial for understanding its role in a diet.
AG1 vs. Whole Foods: A Nutritional Comparison
To highlight why AG1 is not a replacement for whole foods, comparing the supplement to whole food sources of nutrition is helpful. It's important to remember that whole foods provide a full spectrum of fiber, enzymes, and other beneficial compounds that supplements can't fully replicate.
| Feature | AG1 (Supplement) | Whole Foods (e.g., Vegetables) |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrient Source | Concentrated isolates, extracts, and synthetic vitamins | Natural, unprocessed, and minimally processed ingredients |
| Fiber Content | Low (approx. 2g per serving) | High, providing a full range of dietary fiber |
| Bioavailability | Synthetic vitamins may be less bioavailable than natural sources | Generally higher bioavailability due to food matrix |
| Completeness | Lacks certain essential nutrients like Vitamin D and iron | Provides a complete spectrum of micronutrients and phytonutrients |
| Context in Diet | Intended to supplement or fill nutrient gaps | The foundation of a healthy, balanced diet |
| Processing | Extensive industrial processing (drying, extraction) | Minimal or no processing |
Health Implications and Informed Choices
The concern with ultra-processed foods stems not from a single ingredient but from the combination of industrial processing, additives, and an often-poor overall nutritional profile (high in unhealthy fats, sugar, and salt). A diet high in UPFs is linked to a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other health issues.
AG1 differentiates itself from typical UPFs like soda or sugary cereals by avoiding added sugars and artificial flavors. It provides beneficial nutrients that may help fill gaps in the average diet. However, the presence of proprietary blends with undisclosed ingredient quantities raises questions about the actual effectiveness of some components.
The key takeaway is to view AG1 for what it is: a highly processed nutritional supplement. It can be a tool to address specific deficiencies or nutritional gaps but should never be considered a replacement for consuming a wide variety of whole fruits, vegetables, and other minimally processed foods.
Conclusion: A Supplement, Not a Substitute
In conclusion, based on the standard NOVA classification criteria, the answer to 'is AG1 an ultra-processed food?' is yes, due to its complex industrial formulation and reliance on extracted ingredients. This does not mean AG1 is unhealthy, but it re-frames how consumers should perceive and use the product. AG1 can serve a purpose as a high-quality supplement to complement a healthy diet, particularly for individuals with specific nutrient needs or busy schedules. However, no supplement can replicate the full nutritional benefits—including fiber, enzymes, and a comprehensive spectrum of nutrients—found in whole foods. A robust and balanced diet rich in unprocessed fruits and vegetables remains the gold standard for long-term health and wellness.
For more information on ultra-processed foods and the NOVA classification, consult authoritative sources like the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
