What Exactly is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that crumbles into a fine, off-white powder. It consists of the fossilized remains of diatoms, tiny aquatic organisms whose cell walls are composed of amorphous silica. These microscopic, porous remains give DE its unique abrasive and absorbent properties, which are used in many different industrial and consumer products.
The Crucial Distinction: Food-Grade vs. Filter-Grade
When considering ingestion, it is of utmost importance to understand the difference between food-grade and industrial, or filter-grade, diatomaceous earth. The key differentiator is the concentration of crystalline silica, a harmful substance when inhaled or ingested.
| Feature | Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth | Filter-Grade Diatomaceous Earth |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | Primarily amorphous silica, with less than 1-2% crystalline silica. | High in crystalline silica (around 60%), resulting from heat treatment. |
| Safety | Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for low-level ingestion, but supplement quality can vary. | Not safe for human or animal consumption. Contains toxic levels of crystalline silica. |
| Primary Uses | Dietary supplements, anti-caking agent in animal feed, natural pest control. | Water filters (e.g., swimming pools), industrial processes, explosives. |
| Risks | Mild digestive upset or anecdotal flu-like symptoms. Inhalation risk of lung irritation, but lower than filter-grade. | Severe health risks including silicosis (lung scarring) and lung cancer if inhaled. |
Potential Health Claims and the Supporting Evidence
Digestive Health and Detoxification
Proponents of ingesting food-grade DE often cite its detoxifying effects. The theory suggests that its porous, negatively-charged structure can bind to positively-charged toxins, heavy metals, and parasites in the digestive tract, effectively sweeping them out of the body. Some research on silica, the primary component, suggests it may help reduce the absorption of aluminum. However, definitive human studies validating a systemic detox effect in the digestive system are lacking. Anecdotal evidence suggests it may promote more regular bowel movements and improve overall gut health.
Stronger Hair, Skin, and Nails
As silica is an essential mineral for collagen synthesis, some users take DE to improve the health and appearance of their hair, skin, and nails. Anecdotal reports suggest that with regular intake, people may notice stronger nails and fuller hair. While silica is a key component of these tissues, more research is needed to determine how effectively the body absorbs silica from DE supplements and translates it into external benefits.
Joint and Bone Support
Silica plays a vital role in the formation of connective tissues, including ligaments, cartilage, and bone. Limited research has linked higher dietary silicon intake with improved bone mineral density, leading to claims that DE can support joint and bone health and potentially help with osteoporosis. While the connection between silicon and bone health is promising, further clinical research is required to fully understand the effects of DE supplementation.
Effects on Cholesterol Levels
One small, non-placebo-controlled human study from 1998 showed promising results for lowering cholesterol. The study found that participants taking DE daily for eight weeks saw a significant reduction in total and LDL cholesterol. However, the researchers concluded that placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings, and later reviews noted that insufficient evidence exists.
How to Incorporate Food-Grade DE and Key Precautions
If you choose to use food-grade diatomaceous earth, proper handling is crucial. Always use food-grade powder and follow these steps:
- Mix thoroughly into liquid: DE does not dissolve completely, so mix it well into at least 8 ounces of liquid, such as water or juice.
- Stay hydrated: Consume plenty of water throughout the day, as DE can be constipating for some individuals.
- Avoid inhalation: Always wear a mask and handle the powder in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhaling the fine particles, which can irritate the lungs.
Conclusion
While many anecdotal reports and early studies suggest potential health benefits from ingesting food-grade diatomaceous earth, the scientific evidence is limited and inconclusive. The potential effects on digestion, detoxification, and appearance are primarily based on the presence of silica. It is critical to use only food-grade products and to avoid inhaling the powder due to respiratory risks. As with any dietary supplement, you should consult with a healthcare professional before beginning use, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding. For more information on the distinctions and uses of DE, visit the National Pesticide Information Center website: https://npic.orst.edu/faq/de.html.
