Understanding the Difference: Chlorophyll vs. Chlorophyllin
When people discuss the risks of taking chlorophyll, they are almost always referring to chlorophyllin, a semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative found in most supplements. Natural chlorophyll, the pigment in green plants, is largely safe, and its risks are minimal when consumed through a balanced diet of leafy greens. The potential side effects and interactions primarily stem from the concentrated, processed form used in health supplements.
Common Gastrointestinal Side Effects
One of the most frequently reported risks of taking chlorophyll supplements is a range of digestive issues. This is especially true when consumed in larger doses or on an empty stomach.
- Diarrhea and loose stools: High doses of liquid chlorophyll can act as a laxative, leading to diarrhea or loose bowel movements.
- Nausea and stomach cramps: Some users report feeling nauseous and experiencing abdominal cramps, which can be particularly uncomfortable.
- Bloating: A feeling of fullness or abdominal bloating can occur in some individuals.
These symptoms are typically mild and often resolve by reducing the dosage or discontinuing use. Starting with a low dose can help the body adjust and minimize these discomforts.
Increased Sensitivity to Sunlight (Photosensitivity)
Another notable risk associated with chlorophyllin supplements is increased skin sensitivity to sunlight. This condition, known as photosensitivity, can increase the risk of sunburn, rashes, and blistering when the skin is exposed to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. Individuals who already have sun-sensitive skin or are taking other photosensitizing medications should be particularly cautious.
Potential Drug Interactions
Chlorophyll supplements can interfere with certain medications, and it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider before starting supplementation, particularly if you are on a prescription drug.
- Methotrexate: A serious interaction can occur with methotrexate, a medication used for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Chlorophyllin can slow the body's clearance of methotrexate, potentially increasing its concentration and the risk of side effects.
- Photosensitizing drugs: Taking chlorophyllin alongside other medications that increase sun sensitivity, such as certain antibiotics, acne medications, and antidepressants, can further amplify the risk of sunburn and skin damage.
Other Potential Side Effects
In addition to the more common issues, there are several other potential risks to be aware of:
- Discoloration of bodily waste: The strong pigment in chlorophyll can temporarily turn stools and urine green, yellow, or black. While harmless, this can be mistaken for gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Discolored tongue: Some people have reported a temporary discoloration of the tongue (yellow or black) after taking liquid chlorophyll.
- Mild allergic reactions: Though rare, allergic reactions are possible, especially with topical application, and can manifest as itching or burning. Severe allergic reactions are also a possibility.
- Unregulated supplements: The FDA does not strictly regulate dietary supplements, which means the quality and concentration of ingredients can vary significantly between brands. There is a risk that products may contain more or less chlorophyllin than stated, or be contaminated with other ingredients.
Chlorophyll Supplements vs. Natural Chlorophyll
For clarity, it is helpful to compare the risks of synthetic supplements with natural dietary sources.
| Feature | Chlorophyll Supplements (Chlorophyllin) | Natural Chlorophyll (from foods) |
|---|---|---|
| Risks/Side Effects | Digestive issues (diarrhea, nausea, cramps), photosensitivity, drug interactions, bodily waste discoloration | Essentially none, even in large amounts |
| Concentration | Highly concentrated; dosage often higher than dietary intake | Lower, naturally occurring concentration |
| Regulation | Loosely regulated by the FDA; quality can vary | Safe, regulated food sources |
| Additional Nutrients | Often provides only chlorophyllin; may lack other vital nutrients | Comes with essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber |
| Absorption | Water-soluble for easier absorption; often contains copper | Fat-soluble; absorbed differently by the body |
Special Populations and Insufficient Research
Several groups should exercise extra caution or avoid chlorophyll supplements due to a lack of safety research.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is insufficient evidence to determine the safety of chlorophyll supplements for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals. Healthcare professionals generally advise against their use in these situations until more research is available.
- Children: The safety of chlorophyll supplements has not been thoroughly studied in children. It is best to stick to natural dietary sources for this population unless otherwise advised by a pediatrician.
- Copper toxicity: Chlorophyllin often contains copper, and excessive intake could lead to copper toxicity, especially for those already taking copper supplements.
Conclusion
While the hype around chlorophyll supplements suggests a wide range of benefits, it is important to approach these claims with caution and understand the risks involved. Naturally occurring chlorophyll from foods like spinach and kale is safe and provides many other beneficial nutrients. However, the concentrated, semi-synthetic chlorophyllin found in supplements can cause gastrointestinal issues, increase sun sensitivity, and interfere with certain medications. Before starting a chlorophyll supplement regimen, it is highly recommended to consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications. In many cases, a healthy diet rich in green vegetables offers a safer and more effective way to increase your chlorophyll intake. For more information, the Linus Pauling Institute provides an in-depth review of chlorophyll and its derivatives.
