Culinary Applications: A Pantry Staple
In American kitchens, the term 'starch' most often refers to a pure, powdery substance used as a thickener. While the broader term 'starch' can describe a carbohydrate found in many foods, when someone in the U.S. asks for "some starch" to thicken a sauce, they are almost certainly looking for cornstarch.
The Universal Cornstarch
Cornstarch is extracted from the endosperm of the corn kernel and is a nearly pure starch. It is an essential ingredient for thickening sauces, gravies, and soups, as well as for creating creamy custards and pie fillings. Its thickening power is activated by heat, and to prevent clumping, it is typically mixed with an equal part of cold water to form a slurry before being incorporated into a hot liquid. It is important to note that what Americans call 'cornstarch' is what is known as 'cornflour' in the United Kingdom. This distinction can cause confusion in recipes that don't specify the regional term.
Other Common Cooking Starches
Beyond cornstarch, American cooks may use other specific starches, which are usually referred to by their source: tapioca starch, potato starch, and arrowroot. Each has unique properties that make it suitable for different culinary purposes. For example, arrowroot thickens at a lower temperature and creates a clearer, glossier finish, while cornstarch can leave a more opaque, matte appearance. Potato starch is excellent for thickening sauces and baked goods but doesn't tolerate high, prolonged heat as well as cornstarch.
Starchy Foods as a Dietary Term
In a dietary context, Americans often refer to a category of foods as "starchy foods". These are carbohydrate-rich foods and a major source of energy. Common examples include:
- Grains: Rice, oats, barley, wheat, and products like pasta and bread.
- Starchy Vegetables: Potatoes, corn, and peas.
- Legumes: Dried beans and lentils.
Laundry and Dry Cleaning: The Crisp Finish
When Americans mention starch in relation to clothes, they are referring to a product used to stiffen fabric during the laundering and ironing process. This is known as laundry starch. Historically, this was done by boiling vegetable-based starches, but today, modern liquid and spray versions are widely available.
Starch vs. Sizing
For laundry, the terms 'starch' and 'sizing' are often used interchangeably, but there is a key difference. Sizing is a product, often plastic-based, designed to add body and restore original shape to fabrics, especially synthetics, without the heavy stiffness associated with traditional starch. Starch, which is vegetable-based, provides a stiffer finish and holds creases sharply, making it ideal for natural fabrics like cotton dress shirts, cuffs, and linens.
The Cultural Significance of Starch
In certain parts of American culture, the practice of starching clothes is significant. The concept of 'Cowboy Heavy Starch,' for instance, involves applying a thick coat of starch to western wear, such as jeans and shirts, to create a durable, crisp, and structured look that is considered a statement of pride and heritage. The military also uses starching to achieve a sharp, disciplined appearance for uniforms.
Comparison of Common Starch Types
| Feature | Culinary Cornstarch | Laundry Starch | Sizing | Starchy Foods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Corn kernels | Vegetable-based (corn, wheat, etc.) | Vegetable- or plastic-based resin | Plant-based (grains, tubers, legumes) |
| Primary Use | Thickening agent for food | Stiffens natural fabrics | Adds body to synthetic fabrics | Energy source in diet |
| Application | Mixed into liquid, cooked | Spray or liquid applied during laundry | Spray or liquid applied during laundry | Eaten as part of a meal |
| Effect | Thickens and binds | Adds significant stiffness | Restores original body and shape | Provides carbohydrates and fiber |
Surprising Household Uses for Cornstarch
- Grease Stain Remover: Cornstarch is a powerful absorbent that can lift grease stains from carpets, fabrics, and upholstery.
- Natural Deodorizer: Sprinkle cornstarch in smelly shoes or use it as a makeshift dry shampoo to absorb moisture and eliminate odors.
- Silverware Polish: A paste made from cornstarch and water can be used to polish silverware and other metals.
- Window Cleaner: When mixed with vinegar and water, cornstarch can create a streak-free cleaning solution for glass.
- Soothes Skin Irritation: A paste can be applied to soothe minor skin irritations, insect bites, or sunburn.
Conclusion
To answer the question, "What do Americans call starch?", the answer is complex and context-dependent. The word itself can refer to a pure, powdered cooking ingredient (cornstarch), a laundry product for stiffening clothes (laundry starch or sizing), or a category of energy-providing foods (starchy foods). Understanding the different applications prevents confusion, whether you're in the kitchen cooking, doing laundry, or discussing nutrition.
For more information on the role of carbohydrates in a healthy diet, consult authoritative sources like the American Diabetes Association on Starchy Foods.
