Understanding Chlorophyll vs. Chlorophyllin
Before exploring what chlorophyll removes from the body, it's crucial to understand the distinction between natural chlorophyll and chlorophyllin, the compound found in most supplements. Natural chlorophyll is the fat-soluble pigment found in green plants, algae, and bacteria, responsible for photosynthesis. Its absorption in the human body is relatively poor.
Chlorophyllin, by contrast, is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative created by replacing the central magnesium atom with copper and sodium. This process makes it more stable and increases its bioavailability, allowing for greater absorption from supplements. While chlorophyllin retains many of the beneficial properties of its natural counterpart, most research on its systemic effects uses this more absorbable form.
Scientific Mechanisms for Toxin Removal
Contrary to marketing claims of a full-body "detox," chlorophyll and chlorophyllin don't magically flush toxins from every organ. Instead, their mechanism of action is more targeted, primarily occurring in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They act as "mutagen interceptors," binding to harmful substances before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Binding to Carcinogens and Toxins
Several studies highlight chlorophyllin's ability to bind to specific carcinogens, which are cancer-causing substances. One of the most well-documented examples involves aflatoxins, potent liver toxins and carcinogens produced by fungi on improperly stored crops like peanuts and corn.
- Aflatoxin Reduction: A small human trial in China demonstrated that chlorophyllin intervention reduced levels of a biomarker for aflatoxin-induced DNA damage by 55%. This suggests that by binding to the aflatoxin in the gut, chlorophyllin prevents its absorption, thereby lowering the toxic burden on the body.
- Other Carcinogens: Research in animal models also indicates that chlorophyll can inhibit the absorption of other harmful compounds like heterocyclic amines (HCAs), which are formed during high-temperature cooking of meat.
Potential Effect on Heavy Metals
Chlorophyllin's binding capacity extends to certain heavy metals. Some studies suggest it can chelate, or bind to, heavy metals in the gut, aiding in their excretion. This binding prevents the metals from entering the bloodstream and potentially causing systemic damage. However, it's important to note that most evidence pertains to binding and excretion in the digestive tract, and systemic heavy metal chelation requires medically supervised treatments.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties
Chlorophyll's benefits extend beyond simple binding and removal. It is a powerful antioxidant, capable of neutralizing harmful free radicals that cause oxidative stress and cellular damage. This antioxidant activity is thought to be a key factor in many of its observed health effects, including potential anti-cancer properties.
Additionally, some animal and cell studies have revealed anti-inflammatory properties. By helping to regulate inflammatory pathways, chlorophyll may offer some support for managing conditions rooted in chronic inflammation, such as PCOS.
Addressing Odor Concerns
One of the most popular, yet scientifically debated, claims about chlorophyll is its ability to act as an internal deodorant.
- Historical Use: Chlorophyllin has been historically used in a medical context to manage offensive odors associated with certain disorders, like ostomies and incontinence.
- Mixed Evidence: While some early studies from the mid-20th century suggested deodorizing effects, later research found no significant impact. More recent, high-quality human studies are scarce, and many experts categorize this benefit as anecdotal.
Natural Chlorophyll vs. Supplemental Chlorophyllin
| Feature | Natural Chlorophyll (from food) | Chlorophyllin (from supplements) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Dark, leafy green vegetables (e.g., spinach, kale, parsley) | Semi-synthetic compound typically derived from alfalfa or nettles |
| Form | Fat-soluble pigment | Water-soluble derivative |
| Bioavailability | Low absorption rate | Higher absorption rate due to modifications |
| Additional Nutrients | Comes with fiber, vitamins, and minerals | Provides a concentrated dose without other nutrients |
| Proven Effects | Offers proven antioxidant benefits and promotes overall health as part of a balanced diet | Shown to bind to specific carcinogens like aflatoxins and has antioxidant properties |
Important Considerations and Potential Side Effects
Incorporating chlorophyll, whether from whole foods or supplements, is generally considered safe. However, like any supplement, it comes with potential side effects and considerations:
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Some individuals may experience mild digestive upset, including nausea, diarrhea, or cramping, especially when starting a supplement.
- Stool Discoloration: A harmless, though potentially alarming, side effect is green, yellow, or black stool, which can be mistaken for gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Photosensitivity: Chlorophyllin may increase sensitivity to sunlight, particularly when taken orally. This is especially relevant for those taking certain medications (like acne drugs or antibiotics) that also increase sun sensitivity.
- Limited Research: Many claims, particularly regarding blood building, acne, or weight loss, are based on small pilot studies or animal models and require more robust human research for confirmation.
- Not a Cure-All: Supplements should not replace a healthy, balanced diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables, which provide fiber and other essential nutrients not found in chlorophyll supplements alone.
Conclusion: A Supplement, Not a Panacea
In answering the question, what does chlorophyll remove from the body?, the scientific evidence points to specific, demonstrable actions rather than a universal "detox." The highly absorbable derivative, chlorophyllin, shows promising capabilities in binding to certain toxins and carcinogens in the GI tract, effectively reducing their systemic impact. Furthermore, its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties contribute to overall cellular health. However, it's crucial to approach the subject with a realistic perspective. Claims regarding heavy metal chelation or total body deodorization are not well-supported by current human research. For those seeking its benefits, a diet rich in green leafy vegetables is a safe and nutrient-dense option, providing fiber and other phytochemicals. For targeted benefits, high-quality supplements offer a more concentrated form of chlorophyllin, but should be used as an adjunct to a healthy lifestyle, not a replacement for medical treatment or sound nutritional habits. For more detailed information on aflatoxins and liver health, visit the National Institutes of Health.
