What are Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSC)?
Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSC) are the simple sugars, starches, and fructans stored within plant cells. These differ from structural carbohydrates, which are the fibrous components like cellulose and hemicellulose. {Link: Horsepower https://horsepower.com.au/glossary/nsc-non-structural-carbohydrates}
The Role of NSC in Animal Health, Particularly Equine Nutrition
NSC serves as a primary energy source, beneficial for active horses. However, horses have a limited capacity to digest starch in the small intestine. Excess starch entering the hindgut can disrupt the microbial balance and cause issues.
The Dangers of Excess NSC in Horses
Excess NSC fermentation in the hindgut can lead to a drop in pH and inflammation. {Link: Horsepower https://horsepower.com.au/glossary/nsc-non-structural-carbohydrates}
The Benefits of Managing NSC with Low-NSC Diets
A low-NSC diet minimizes blood glucose and insulin spikes, providing a more stable energy source from digestible fiber and fats. This approach is often recommended for horses with conditions like Cushing's, insulin resistance, or a history of laminitis. {Link: Horsepower https://horsepower.com.au/glossary/nsc-non-structural-carbohydrates}
Key Sources of NSC in a Horse's Diet
NSC is found in concentrates and forage:
- High-NSC Sources: Grains (corn, oats, barley), molasses, and some treats.
- Variable-NSC Sources: Pasture, especially lush or during sunny weather; hay, with content varying by type and harvest.
- Low-NSC Sources: Beet pulp, soybean hulls, and alfalfa meal. {Link: Horsepower https://horsepower.com.au/glossary/nsc-non-structural-carbohydrates}
Low NSC vs. High NSC Diets: A Comparison
| Feature | Low NSC Diet | High NSC Diet |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate Source | Higher in digestible fiber and fat; lower in sugars and starch. | Higher in simple sugars and starches, typically from grains and molasses. |
| Energy Release | Slower, more sustained energy release. | Rapid energy release, leading to blood glucose and insulin spikes. |
| Glycemic Response | Lower glycemic response, meaning less impact on blood sugar levels. | High glycemic response, which can cause metabolic disturbances. |
| Target Horses | Ideal for metabolically sensitive horses (EMS, laminitis, Cushing's), overweight horses, and those prone to hyperactivity. | Suitable for high-performance horses or those with high energy demands, provided they have no metabolic issues. |
| Digestive Impact | Promotes a stable gut environment and microbial balance. | Can disrupt gut microbes, leading to digestive issues if fed in excess. |
Managing NSC Levels for Optimal Health
Managing NSC involves analyzing feed, understanding forage, and implementing strategies:
Practical Strategies for NSC Management
- Analyze Feed Labels: Look for starch and sugar percentages. Aim for 12% NSC or less for sensitive horses.
- Test Your Forage: Since hay is a major NSC source, testing is beneficial.
- Soak Your Hay: Soaking for 30-60 minutes can reduce water-soluble sugars.
- Manage Pasture Access: Limit grazing, especially during peak NSC times, and consider grazing muzzles.
- Choose Appropriate Treats: Select low-sugar, low-starch options.
Conclusion
In nutrition, NSC stands for Non-Structural Carbohydrates, referring to digestible sugars and starches in plants, particularly relevant in equine feed science. While an energy source, excessive NSC poses risks, especially for sensitive horses. Managing NSC through feed selection, forage testing, and grazing control is crucial to prevent issues like laminitis and insulin resistance. {Link: Horsepower https://horsepower.com.au/glossary/nsc-non-structural-carbohydrates} To learn more about low-NSC diets, you can consult with resources like those found at Kentucky Equine Research: Low-NSC Diets: Not for Every Horse.
