Most home mixologists and professional bartenders rely on a specialized measuring tool to ensure their drinks are perfectly balanced. While many people might refer to it simply as a "shot measure" or "bar measuring cup," the correct term is a jigger. This hourglass-shaped device is a staple in any bar, from a high-end cocktail lounge to a well-stocked home bar, and is the key to creating consistent, delicious beverages. Understanding the different types, their history, and proper usage is crucial for any aspiring bartender.
The Surprising History of the Jigger
The name "jigger" has a fascinating and somewhat murky past, with two popular theories vying for the origin story. One theory credits British naval sailors in the 18th century, who received their daily rum ration in a small vessel they nicknamed a "jigger," after the smallest mast, the jiggermast. This name stuck and became a common unit of measure for spirits. Another, less romantic theory suggests the word came from "thingamajig," a word used for an object whose name was unknown or forgotten. Regardless of its name's origin, the modern jigger was officially patented in 1893 by Cornelius P. Dungan in Chicago, featuring the iconic two-sided design we recognize today.
Types of Jiggers
Jiggers come in a variety of styles, each with distinct features that appeal to different users.
- Classic/Hourglass Jigger: This is the most recognizable type, featuring two conical cups of different sizes joined at the base. The wide flare can make it a bit trickier to pour quickly without spillage, making it better for those with a steady hand.
- Japanese Jigger: Tall and slender with a narrower opening, this style is popular with professional bartenders for its speed and precision. The slim design reduces the margin for error when pouring and often features measurement lines etched inside the cups for more accurate partial pours.
- Bell Jigger: Blending the aesthetic of classic design with modern ergonomics, the bell jigger has rounded, bell-shaped cups and a narrower mid-section for an easier grip. It is often slightly heavier and more stable than other types.
- Thimble Measure/Pub Jigger: These are single-sided measuring cups, often seen in high-volume, everyday bars. They are straightforward, with no-frills functionality, and come in a large range of sizes, including larger measures for wine.
- Stepped Jigger: Ideal for beginners, this jigger features visible measurement steps on the outside and inside, making it easy to see exactly how much you are pouring. It often has a wider, more stable base.
- Measuring Cups: Some bar sets include small, miniature versions of standard kitchen measuring cups, featuring a greater range of measurement markings for metric and imperial conversions. While highly versatile, they can be slower to use in a fast-paced environment.
Comparison of Common Jigger Styles
| Feature | Japanese Jigger | Classic/Hourglass Jigger | Bell Jigger |
|---|---|---|---|
| Design | Tall, slender, elegant | Short, flared, hourglass | Rounded, goblet-shaped cups |
| Pouring | Fast, precise, less spillage | Can be prone to spillage | Stable, controlled pour |
| Accuracy | High; internal marks aid accuracy | Relies on filling to the brim | Reliable, easy-to-control |
| Ergonomics | Easy, dexterous handling | Can be cumbersome for quick work | Comfortable, stable grip |
| Measurements | Often features internal lines | Standard double-sided measures | Standard double-sided measures |
| Target User | Professional bartenders, enthusiasts | Home mixologists, general use | Both beginners and pros |
Mastering the Art of the Jigger Pour
Using a jigger might seem simple, but technique can improve speed and accuracy.
- Grip: Hold the jigger between your index and middle fingers, with your palm facing up. This gives you control and allows for a quick wrist flip to empty the contents.
- Pour: Hold the jigger directly over your mixing glass or shaker. This minimizes the risk of spilling and ensures all the liquid makes it into your drink. Fill the jigger to the brim for the full measure.
- Pouring into the glass: In one smooth, confident motion, flip the jigger to pour the liquid out. For more precision with smaller amounts, pour slowly.
- Practice: For those new to using a jigger, practice pouring water first. This builds muscle memory and confidence without wasting ingredients.
Jigger vs. Shot Glass: What's the Difference?
While both are small vessels, their function is different. A jigger is a bartender's tool for measuring ingredients with precision before mixing. A shot glass is primarily a drinking vessel, though it is sometimes used as a makeshift measure. A jigger guarantees consistent proportions, which is critical for crafting a perfectly balanced cocktail. Shot glasses, on the other hand, can vary significantly in size and are less reliable for precise measurements.
Conclusion
For consistent and high-quality cocktails, the jigger is an indispensable piece of equipment. Knowing that a drink measuring cup is called a jigger is just the beginning; understanding the different styles and proper technique elevates your mixology game significantly. By choosing the right jigger for your needs, you can ensure that every drink you pour, whether for yourself or for guests, is a perfectly balanced masterpiece. From its nautical origins to its modern, varied forms, the jigger remains a cornerstone of the bartending world, symbolizing precision and the craft of creating the perfect drink. For a more in-depth exploration of bartending techniques, consider visiting the Diageo Bar Academy.
