Common Synonyms for Gamma Linolenic Acid
Beyond its full name, gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is known by several other monikers. Its most straightforward and frequently used alternative name is gamolenic acid, which is used in both pharmaceutical contexts and by supplement manufacturers. The acronym GLA is also a very common and efficient way to refer to this fatty acid in both scientific literature and everyday conversation. Another more technical, chemical name is all-cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, which precisely describes its molecular structure.
The Metabolic Journey of GLA
GLA is not technically an essential fatty acid because the human body can synthesize it from another omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA). This conversion process is catalyzed by an enzyme called delta-6-desaturase. However, certain conditions can impair the efficiency of this enzyme, leading to a reduced production of GLA in the body. From GLA, the body goes on to form dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which is a precursor to a specific series of eicosanoids known as the 1-series prostaglandins (PGE1). These compounds are notable for their anti-inflammatory effects.
Natural Dietary Sources of Gamma Linolenic Acid
While GLA can be produced in the body, it is also obtained directly from several rich, natural plant-based sources.
Comparison: GLA vs. Other Fatty Acids
It is important to understand how GLA fits into the broader context of fatty acids, particularly the omega-6 and omega-3 families. While most omega-6s are pro-inflammatory, GLA is unique due to its anti-inflammatory properties, a characteristic more commonly associated with omega-3s.
| Characteristic | Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA) | Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) | Linoleic Acid (LA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty Acid Family | Omega-6 | Omega-3 | Omega-6 |
| Primary Sources | Borage oil, evening primrose oil, black currant seed oil | Flaxseed, walnuts, chia seeds | Cooking oils (corn, soy), nuts, seeds |
| Primary Function | Precursor to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE1) | Precursor to EPA and DHA | Precursor to GLA |
| Key Biological Effect | Unique anti-inflammatory action within the omega-6 family | Primarily anti-inflammatory via conversion to EPA and DHA | Can be pro-inflammatory if consumed in excess relative to omega-3s |
Potential Benefits and Current Research
Research into GLA has yielded mixed results, and while some historical claims lack strong evidence, certain areas show more promise.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Some evidence suggests GLA supplementation can help reduce symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, particularly with well-controlled blood sugar. Diabetes can impair the body's conversion of linoleic acid to GLA, and supplementation may bypass this issue.
Skin Health
GLA has been investigated for skin conditions like eczema, though meta-analyses are mixed. Some studies indicate GLA can improve skin barrier function by reducing water loss. Topical applications have shown potential for reducing symptoms in children with atopic dermatitis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Early studies suggest purified GLA might benefit rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, though evidence is weak.
Conclusion: Understanding Gamma Linolenic Acid
In summary, gamma linolenic acid (GLA), or gamolenic acid, is a unique omega-6 fatty acid known for its anti-inflammatory properties and its role as a precursor to beneficial prostaglandins. It is found in plant oils like borage, evening primrose, and black currant. Supplementation may benefit those with impaired GLA synthesis, particularly for diabetic neuropathy and some skin concerns. Consulting a healthcare provider is recommended before starting GLA supplementation.
For more in-depth nutritional information, consider resources from reputable health organizations. {Link: Mount Sinai Guide to Gamma-Linolenic Acid https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/gamma-linolenic-acid}
