The Primary Alternate Name: Tartrazine
The most common alternative name for yellow number 5 is tartrazine. This is the generic name for the synthetic lemon-yellow azo dye that is widely used as a food colorant. While 'yellow number 5' is the designation used by the FDA in the United States, 'tartrazine' is the internationally recognized name that appears on many ingredient lists around the world.
Other Common Synonyms for Yellow Number 5
Beyond tartrazine, yellow number 5 is identified by a number of other names depending on the regulatory body and context of its use. These include:
- E102: This is the E number designation used in Europe and is often seen on products sold internationally.
- FD&C Yellow No. 5: This stands for Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Yellow No. 5, and is the certified form of the additive approved by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics.
- C.I. 19140: This is the Colour Index (C.I.) number, a standardized identifier for colorants used in industries such as textiles and cosmetics.
- Acid Yellow 23: A name used in some industrial applications.
Why Does One Additive Have So Many Names?
The reason for the multiple names for a single colorant is primarily due to different regulatory standards and contexts of use. The FDA, for instance, has its own system for naming and certifying food and drug additives, leading to the use of 'FD&C Yellow No. 5'. Meanwhile, the European Union uses a standardized E-number system to classify food additives, which is why the same ingredient is known as E102 across Europe. The generic chemical name, tartrazine, is used in both scientific literature and on product labels to provide consistency.
Potential Health Concerns Associated with Tartrazine
Concerns have been raised over the potential side effects of tartrazine, particularly regarding allergic reactions and behavioral issues in children. While not everyone is sensitive to the dye, certain individuals are more at risk.
- Allergic Reactions: In susceptible individuals, tartrazine can cause allergic or adverse reactions such as hives, eczema, and asthma. Those with an existing sensitivity to aspirin may have a higher risk of reacting to tartrazine.
- Hyperactivity in Children: Some studies, such as the 2007 Southampton study, found a potential link between the consumption of a mix of artificial colors (including tartrazine) and increased hyperactivity in children. This led to the EU requiring a warning label on products containing the dye. However, further research has also indicated mixed results, and the evidence is still debated.
How to Avoid Yellow Number 5 on Ingredient Labels
For those who wish to avoid tartrazine, careful label reading is essential. The key is to look for any of its common names.
- Check food and beverage packaging: Look for 'Yellow 5,' 'Tartrazine,' or 'E102' in the ingredient list.
- Examine medications: Tartrazine is also used to color prescription and over-the-counter medications. The ingredient list or medication data sheet should be checked.
- Scrutinize cosmetics: Personal care products can contain tartrazine, which may be listed as 'CI 19140' or 'FD&C Yellow 5'.
A Comparison of Yellow Number 5 (Tartrazine) and Natural Alternatives
| Feature | Yellow Number 5 (Tartrazine) | Natural Alternatives (e.g., Turmeric, Annatto) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Petroleum | Plant-based (e.g., turmeric root, annatto seeds) |
| Color | Bright, lemon-yellow | Golden-yellow (Turmeric), Yellow-orange (Annatto) |
| Cost | Generally cheaper to produce | Can be more expensive, especially saffron |
| Health Concerns | Potential for allergic reactions and hyperactivity in sensitive individuals | Generally considered safer, and some, like turmeric, offer health benefits |
| Usage | Processed foods, drinks, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals | Used in clean-label products, dairy, and health foods |
Conclusion: Navigating Food Labels for Clarity
When you see 'yellow number 5' on an ingredient list, know that you are also looking at tartrazine, E102, or FD&C Yellow No. 5. This synthetic food dye, despite being approved for use by regulatory bodies like the FDA, has several known alternate names and is a known allergen for some sensitive individuals. By being aware of all the names for this common additive, consumers can make more informed choices about the products they purchase and consume. It is crucial for anyone with sensitivities or those who prefer natural ingredients to check labels thoroughly for any of these identifiers. For more information on food additives, you can refer to the FDA's website on food colorings.
Key Takeaways
- Tartrazine is the chemical name: The most common alternative name for Yellow number 5 is tartrazine, which is the scientific name for the synthetic dye.
- E102 is the European code: In Europe and other regions, Yellow 5 is identified as E102 under the standardized E-number system for food additives.
- FD&C Yellow No. 5 is the FDA designation: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration refers to this approved colorant as FD&C Yellow No. 5.
- It may be called Acid Yellow 23 or C.I. 19140: These are other less common identifiers for the dye, particularly in industrial and cosmetic applications.
- Read ingredient lists carefully: To avoid this additive, you must recognize all its names when checking labels on foods, medications, and cosmetics.
