What vitamins and minerals are in Justicia carnea?

January 9, 2026 •

3 min read

Scientific studies have confirmed that the leaves of Justicia carnea are rich in vitamins, with some analyses showing a particularly high concentration of Vitamin C. Often used as a traditional 'blood tonic' in West African folk medicine, investigating what vitamins and minerals are in Justicia carnea provides a scientific basis for its nutritional and therapeutic applications.

Quick Summary

Justicia carnea leaves contain significant levels of essential vitamins like C, A, E, and B-complex, and minerals including iron, calcium, and potassium, as supported by scientific analysis.

Key Points

Rich in Antioxidant Vitamins: Justicia carnea leaves contain high concentrations of Vitamin C and Vitamin A, which are potent antioxidants that protect against cellular damage.
Significant Mineral Source: The plant is a notable source of essential minerals, especially iron and calcium, supporting its traditional use for blood health and bone strength.
Contains B-Complex Vitamins: The leaves provide a spectrum of B vitamins, including B1, B2, B6, and B9 (folic acid), which are crucial for energy metabolism and red blood cell production.
Potential for Anemia Treatment: Due to its high iron content and excellent concentration of Vitamin C (which aids iron absorption), Justicia carnea is traditionally and scientifically recognized for its anti-anemic properties.
Presence of Antinutrients: Antinutrients like phytate and oxalate can affect mineral absorption, but their impact can be mitigated through proper preparation methods like boiling.
Boiling Concentrates Nutrients: Some evidence suggests that boiling the leaves, a common preparation method, may enhance the bioavailability and concentration of certain beneficial compounds.
Contains Other Bioactive Compounds: In addition to vitamins and minerals, the leaves are rich in phytochemicals like flavonoids and phenols, which contribute to its overall health benefits.

The Abundant Vitamin Profile of Justicia Carnea

Studies on Justicia carnea, also known as 'Ewe Eje', reveal its leaves are a source of various vitamins. These include both water-soluble and fat-soluble types, contributing to its traditional use for health and particularly for blood-related conditions like anemia. These vitamins work alongside other plant compounds to offer various health benefits.

Notable Vitamin Content: C, A, and E

Among the vitamins present in Justicia carnea leaves, Vitamin C and Vitamin A are particularly significant. Research also indicates the presence of Vitamin E.

Vitamin C: Often reported as highly concentrated in leaf extracts, Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant important for protecting cells and aiding iron absorption, which supports the plant's use for anemia.
Vitamin A: Found in the form of beta-carotene, this vitamin is crucial for vision, immune function, and cell growth.
Vitamin E: Another antioxidant present, contributing to overall cellular health.

B-Complex Vitamins Present

Justicia carnea leaves also contain several B-complex vitamins vital for energy and cellular processes. These include Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Pyridoxine (B6), Folic Acid (B9), and Cobalamin (B12). These vitamins are important for functions ranging from carbohydrate metabolism to red blood cell formation.

The Significant Mineral Content

Beyond vitamins, Justicia carnea is also noted for its mineral content, which is important for health, particularly blood function. The leaves have a high ash content, suggesting a rich mineral composition.

Key Minerals: Iron, Calcium, and Potassium

Iron and calcium are consistently found in high concentrations in Justicia carnea. Potassium is also present in significant amounts.

Iron: High iron levels support the plant's traditional use as a blood tonic, being essential for hemoglobin formation and oxygen transport.
Calcium: A significant mineral for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
Potassium: An important electrolyte involved in fluid balance and blood pressure regulation.

Other Essential Minerals

Other minerals identified in Justicia carnea include Magnesium, Sodium, Zinc, Manganese, and Copper. These trace elements and macronutrients contribute to various bodily functions, such as immune support, bone formation, and metabolic processes.

Important Considerations: Bioavailability and Antinutrients

It's important to consider that Justicia carnea contains antinutrients like phytate and oxalate. These can bind to minerals, potentially reducing their absorption. However, preparation methods like boiling can help reduce these compounds. Some research suggests that the plant's overall benefits may still be significant. Further research is ongoing to fully understand nutrient bioavailability.

A Comparative Look: Justicia Carnea vs. Common Vegetables

To illustrate the nutritional value, we can compare Justicia carnea to spinach. Note that nutritional content can vary.


Nutrient	Justicia carnea (Leaf Extract)	Common Spinach (Leaf)	Key Difference	Source Reference
Vitamin C	Very High (e.g., 232.32 mg/100g)	High (e.g., 28.1 mg/100g)	Justicia carnea shows exceptionally high levels of Vitamin C.
Iron	High (e.g., 8.61 mg/kg)	Moderate (e.g., 2.7 mg/100g)	Justicia carnea appears to be a significant source of iron.
Calcium	High (e.g., 4.59%)	High (e.g., 99 mg/100g)	Both are good sources of calcium.
Folic Acid (B9)	Notable (e.g., 169.95 mg/kg)	High (e.g., 194 µg/100g)	Justicia carnea contains a substantial amount of folate.
Magnesium	Moderate (e.g., 1.06%)	High (e.g., 79 mg/100g)	Spinach generally shows higher magnesium content in nutritional data.

Conclusion: The Nutritional Value of Justicia Carnea

Research indicates that Justicia carnea is nutritionally rich, offering essential vitamins like C, A, and B-complex, and significant minerals, particularly iron and calcium. This supports its traditional use for blood health. While antinutrients exist, preparation methods can help. Justicia carnea shows potential as a valuable nutrient source, with antioxidant properties, but further research is needed.

For more detailed scientific analysis on the leaf's composition and effects, refer to studies like this one on the Biochemical analysis of Justicia carnea leaves.

Frequently Asked Questions

Scientific analysis indicates that Vitamin C is one of the most abundant vitamins in the leaf extract of Justicia carnea.

Yes, multiple studies have identified iron as a major elemental content in Justicia carnea leaves, supporting its traditional use as a blood tonic.

Yes, 'Ewe Eje' translates to 'blood leaf' in Yoruba, a name that reflects the plant's traditional association with blood health, which is supported by its rich iron and vitamin content.

Yes, studies have found antinutrients like phytate and oxalate in the leaves, which can complex with essential minerals such as iron and calcium, potentially reducing their bioavailability.

Traditional preparation methods like boiling may help reduce the levels of antinutrients, while potentially concentrating beneficial compounds in the extract. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before use.

The high iron content supports red blood cell formation and treats anemia, while calcium and magnesium are essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission.

Some studies suggest that the aqueous extract of J. carnea leaves is relatively safe for consumption at recommended doses, with no acute toxic effects on the liver and kidneys observed in animal models. However, higher doses have been shown to potentially cause noticeable tissue injury, and caution should be exercised.

Yes, the leaves of Justicia carnea are rich in antioxidant vitamins (C, A, E) and phytochemicals (flavonoids, phenols), which help protect the body from oxidative stress.