Why Arsenic is a Concern in Rice
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element present in soil and water, which rice plants absorb, especially in flooded fields. Inorganic arsenic is the more harmful form, linked to long-term health risks. Both organic and conventional rice can contain arsenic.
Rice Varieties with the Lowest Arsenic Levels
Research indicates that rice type and origin are the most crucial factors for low arsenic content.
Regions with Lower-Arsenic Rice
- California-Grown Rice: Varieties like Calrose have generally lower inorganic arsenic.
- Thai Jasmine Rice: Often shows low heavy metal levels.
- Basmati Rice from India and Pakistan: Typically lower in arsenic than many other types.
- US Sushi Rice: Another lower-arsenic option.
Varieties with Higher Arsenic Levels
- U.S. Rice from the South-Central Region: Varieties from states like Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas often have higher levels.
- Brown Rice: Tends to have higher arsenic than white rice of the same type because arsenic concentrates in the bran.
Specific Brands That Test for Low Arsenic
While region and variety are primary, some brands test and provide sourcing details. Checking brand websites is recommended.
- Lundberg Family Farms: This California-based brand grows rice locally and shares arsenic testing results.
- Royal Basmati Rice: Some reports suggest certain batches of Royal basmati have tested low for arsenic and cadmium.
How to Reduce Arsenic in Rice When Cooking
Cooking methods can lower arsenic levels. The 'pasta method' is effective.
Techniques include:
- Rinse Thoroughly: Rinse until the water runs clear.
- Cook with Excess Water: Use a high water-to-rice ratio (e.g., 6-10:1).
- Drain Excess Water: Draining after cooking can significantly reduce inorganic arsenic.
- Soak (Optional): Soaking before cooking and draining can further help.
Comparison of Arsenic Levels by Rice Type and Origin
| Rice Type (White) | Origin | Arsenic Level (Relative) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basmati | India/Pakistan/California | Low | Good choice |
| Jasmine | Thailand | Low | Consistently low levels |
| Sushi/Calrose | California | Low | Lower than other types |
| Long-Grain | Arkansas/Louisiana/Texas | High | Highest levels in U.S. |
| Rice Type (Brown) | Origin | Arsenic Level (Relative) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basmati | India/Pakistan/California | Lower than other brown | Best brown option |
| Long-Grain | Arkansas/Louisiana/Texas | High | Significantly higher than white rice from same region |
Diversifying Your Grains
To minimize arsenic exposure, particularly with high rice consumption, include other grains in your diet. Alternatives with low arsenic include quinoa, oats, barley, bulgur, millet, farro, and amaranth.
The Verdict on Rice for Babies
Infants are sensitive to arsenic. Health authorities advise using non-rice infant cereals, like oatmeal or barley, which contain much less arsenic than rice-based options.
Conclusion
Identifying lower-arsenic rice options depends primarily on the rice type and origin, not just the brand. Recommended choices include white basmati from India or Pakistan, Thai jasmine, and California-grown rice. Cooking with excess water and draining can also help. Diversifying grains and using non-rice cereals for infants are further strategies. For more details, consult resources like Healthy Babies Bright Futures and Consumer Reports.