The Hidden Plastics in Conventional Chewing Gum
Most people are unaware that the 'gum base' listed in the ingredients of conventional chewing gum is a catch-all term for a mixture of synthetic polymers, often sourced from petroleum. These can include materials like polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene, the same types of ingredients used in plastics and adhesives. This synthetic composition is what allows the gum to maintain a consistent, long-lasting chew, but it also means that, like other plastics, it does not biodegrade. This creates an environmental issue with gum litter, which is not only an eyesore but also contributes to plastic pollution.
Natural Gum Bases: A Sustainable Alternative
Before the rise of synthetic alternatives in the mid-20th century, chewing gum was made from natural tree saps and resins. Today, natural chewing gum revives this tradition by using plant-based bases, ensuring the product is biodegradable and free from artificial chemicals. The most common natural gum bases include:
- Chicle: This is the most famous natural gum base, traditionally harvested from the sap of the sapodilla tree in Central America. Mayans and Aztecs chewed chicle for centuries, and it offers a distinct, natural mouthfeel. Brands like Chicza, Glee Gum, and Simply Gum use ethically harvested chicle.
- Mastic Gum: Sourced from the resin of the mastic tree, primarily found on the Greek island of Chios, this is a centuries-old chewing tradition known for its unique, pine-like flavor. Cerez Pazari is a brand that offers this pure mastic gum.
- Other Tree Resins: Some natural gums may use other plant-based resins or waxes, such as those from the spruce tree or even beeswax, as a base.
How to Find Genuinely Natural Gum
Because the term "natural" is not strictly regulated, some brands may market their products this way while still using synthetic ingredients within their undisclosed "gum base". To be sure you are purchasing a truly natural, plastic-free product, you must read the ingredient list carefully.
Here are some things to look for when choosing natural gum:
- Transparent Gum Base: The product should explicitly state a plant-based gum base, such as "chicle" or a combination of waxes and tree saps, instead of the vague "gum base".
- Natural Sweeteners: Look for gums sweetened with xylitol (from birch), stevia, or raw cane sugar, and avoid artificial sweeteners like aspartame.
- Plant-Based Flavorings: Natural gums will use real fruit powders, essential oils, or other plant-derived extracts for flavor.
- Biodegradable: Many genuinely natural brands will highlight their product's biodegradable nature, a key benefit of avoiding synthetic plastics.
Comparison of Natural vs. Conventional Chewing Gum
| Feature | Natural Chewing Gum | Conventional Chewing Gum |
|---|---|---|
| Gum Base | Plant-derived (chicle, tree saps, waxes) | Synthetic, petroleum-derived polymers (plastic) |
| Sweeteners | Xylitol, stevia, raw cane sugar | Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, acesulfame-K) or sugar |
| Flavor | Derived from essential oils, fruit, or spices; milder but authentic taste | Artificial flavorings and chemicals for a longer-lasting, intense flavor |
| Texture | Often softer and less 'rubbery' due to its natural origin | Firmer, chewier, and more elastic due to plastic content |
| Biodegradability | Fully biodegradable and compostable | Non-biodegradable, contributing to plastic litter |
| Environmental Impact | Sustainable sourcing (like chicle) and less pollution | Contributes to plastic waste and environmental pollution |
The Health and Environmental Benefits of Switching
Choosing natural chewing gum is a simple switch with significant benefits. From an environmental perspective, it reduces plastic waste and supports sustainable harvesting practices. For your health, it means avoiding the artificial ingredients, colors, and synthetic chemicals found in most gum, opting instead for products with simpler, cleaner ingredient lists. Brands like Simply Gum and True Gum are among the pioneers in making this shift accessible to a wider audience, demonstrating that a plastic-free chew can be both enjoyable and responsible. By paying close attention to labels and opting for brands that prioritize transparency and genuinely natural components, consumers can make a small change with a big positive impact.
Conclusion
Identifying which chewing gum is natural comes down to understanding the crucial difference in its base ingredient. Moving beyond the synthetic, plastic-based products that dominate the market to options made from real tree saps like chicle offers a better choice for both your body and the planet. With a growing number of transparent, conscientious brands entering the market, making the switch to a biodegradable, natural alternative is easier than ever before. For anyone looking to reduce their plastic consumption and embrace a more natural lifestyle, choosing a plant-based chewing gum is a simple, effective step.
Final Thoughts on Natural Gum
It is worth noting that while natural gums offer numerous benefits, the chewing experience may differ slightly from what you're used to. The flavor, for instance, may fade more quickly because it is derived from natural, and not artificial, flavorings. However, for many consumers, this is a minor trade-off for a product that is healthier, more sustainable, and doesn't rely on hidden plastics.
