The Absolute Sweetest: Advantame
Among all high-intensity artificial sweeteners, Advantame reigns supreme with a sweetness intensity reported to be as much as 20,000 times that of sucrose, or regular table sugar. Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014, advantame is derived from the sweetener aspartame but modified with vanillin. This modification gives it several key advantages over its predecessor, including significantly higher stability and potency.
How Sweet is Advantame?
The extraordinary potency of Advantame means that only very small amounts are required to achieve the desired level of sweetness in food and beverages. This trace-level use contributes a negligible amount of calories, effectively making it a zero-calorie sweetener. Unlike aspartame, its processing in the body releases only minimal phenylalanine, meaning it does not carry the warning label for individuals with the rare genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). This heat-stable sweetener can also function as a flavor enhancer, improving the taste profile of fruits like berries and citrus.
Runner-Up and Other Super-Intense Sweeteners
While Advantame holds the record, other artificial sweeteners are also incredibly potent. Neotame, also derived from aspartame, is another formidable competitor, with a sweetness level ranging from 7,000 to 13,000 times that of sugar. Like advantame, neotame is heat-stable and a flavor enhancer, making it useful in a variety of applications, from baked goods to dairy products.
Lists of other popular high-intensity sweeteners include:
- Sucralose (brand name Splenda): 600 times sweeter than sugar. It is derived from sugar through a multi-step process.
- Saccharin (brand name Sweet'N Low): An older artificial sweetener, it is 200 to 700 times sweeter than sugar. It can have a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at higher concentrations.
- Stevia (plant-derived): Ranges from 200 to 400 times sweeter than sugar. Some may detect a slight licorice-like aftertaste.
- Aspartame (brand names Equal, NutraSweet): Around 200 times sweeter than sugar and not heat-stable, so it loses sweetness when heated. It also contains phenylalanine, making it unsuitable for individuals with PKU.
Beyond Sweetness: Important Considerations
Choosing the right artificial sweetener depends on more than just its sweetness level. Other factors to consider include taste profile, application, heat stability, and potential aftertaste.
- Aftertaste: Saccharin is well-known for its metallic aftertaste, leading it to be combined with other sweeteners. Stevia can sometimes have a bitter or herbal aftertaste. Advantame and Neotame generally have a clean taste profile that enhances other flavors.
- Heat Stability: For recipes involving cooking or baking, heat stability is essential. Advantame, Neotame, Sucralose, and Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K) are all heat-stable, while Aspartame is not.
- Safety: The FDA and other health organizations have deemed approved artificial sweeteners safe for consumption within established acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels. These levels are set to provide a wide margin of safety. For more information, you can reference the FDA's page on sweeteners here: Aspartame and Other Sweeteners in Food - FDA.
Comparing the Sweetest Artificial Sweeteners
| Sweetener | Sweetness vs. Sugar | Taste Profile | Heat Stability | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advantame | Up to 20,000x | Clean, sugar-like, flavor enhancing | Yes | Baked goods, gum, drinks, confections |
| Neotame | 7,000–13,000x | Clean, sugar-like, flavor enhancing | Yes | Baked goods, frozen desserts, drinks, dairy |
| Thaumatin (Natural) | 2,000–3,000x | Licorice-like taste, flavor modifier | Yes | Gum, drinks, confections, supplements |
| Sucralose | ~600x | Pure, sugar-like | Yes | Tabletop, drinks, baking, desserts |
| Saccharin | 200–700x | Can have bitter/metallic aftertaste | Yes | Tabletop, drinks, jams, baked goods |
| Stevia (Natural) | 200–400x | May have slight herbal/bitter aftertaste | Yes | Tabletop, drinks, baking |
| Aspartame | ~200x | Clean, sugar-like | No | Drinks, yogurt, gum, tabletop |
Conclusion
While Advantame is the definitive winner for the most potent sweetness by a wide margin, its availability in consumer products is still limited compared to common alternatives like Sucralose (Splenda). For most people, the choice of the 'best' or 'most sweetest' artificial sweetener comes down to a balance of intensity, taste, aftertaste, and the specific application, such as baking, where heat stability is required. Both Neotame and Advantame offer extremely high sweetness and excellent stability for food producers, but for home use, widely available options like sucralose and stevia often suffice. Your taste preference and how you plan to use the sweetener should ultimately guide your decision.