The General Islamic Ruling
For Muslims observing a fast, such as during the holy month of Ramadan, a common question is whether using skincare products is permissible. The fundamental principle of fasting is abstaining from things that enter the body through an open orifice, such as the mouth or nose. This is the key distinction scholars make when evaluating topical products. The majority of Islamic scholars, including those from the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of thought, maintain that using creams, ointments, and oils on the skin is permissible and does not break the fast.
This is because the skin's absorption of these products is not considered a form of eating or drinking. The absorption process, which occurs through the pores and capillaries, is very slow and the amount absorbed is not comparable to ingesting food or water. The benefit gained is on the skin's surface and does not provide nourishment or sustenance to the internal body in the way food does. Therefore, a fasting person can continue their regular skincare routine without concern that it will invalidate their fast.
Specific Skincare Product Rulings
Different types of skincare products adhere to this general ruling, though with some minor considerations based on their application.
Moisturizers and Creams
Moisturizers and hydrating creams are not only permissible but can be very beneficial during fasting. Periods of fasting can lead to dehydration, which may cause the skin to become dry, dull, or irritated. A consistent moisturizing routine helps to counteract this by supporting the skin's natural barrier and locking in hydration. There are no religious prohibitions against their use, and many experts recommend using more hydrating products during a fast.
Sunscreen
Protecting the skin from sun damage is crucial, and using sunscreen is completely permissible while fasting. Sun exposure can be particularly harsh on potentially dehydrated skin. Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 is highly recommended to protect against harmful UV rays. As with other topical products, sunscreen is absorbed by the skin and is not ingested, so it does not affect the fast.
Face Washes and Cleansers
Cleansing the face is a normal part of maintaining hygiene and does not break the fast. A person performing ablution (Wudu) or simply washing their face can use a cleanser or soap. The only condition is to be careful not to swallow any of the water or product during the process. This is a standard precaution during fasting for any water usage involving the mouth.
Makeup and Cosmetics
The use of makeup while fasting is generally considered permissible, as it is applied to the skin and not ingested. However, some scholars offer advice regarding the intention behind wearing makeup. A fasting person is in a state of worship, and while using cosmetics is allowed, it is recommended to avoid heavy makeup that incites lust or draws excessive attention from non-mahram individuals. Another critical consideration is ablution (Wudu). Some waterproof makeup products can create a barrier that prevents water from reaching the skin during Wudu, which would invalidate the ritual purification. It is essential to use water-permeable products or remove makeup before performing Wudu.
Lip Balms and Ointments
For those with dry or chapped lips during a fast, applying a moisturizing lip balm is acceptable. Like other skin products, it is not considered sustenance. The main precaution is to avoid intentionally licking the product off the lips or swallowing it. Applying it on the outer surface of the lips is fine.
Scholarly Perspectives: A Comparison
While the majority of Islamic scholarship agrees on the permissibility of topical products, there are minor differences or specific considerations across various schools of thought and prominent scholars.
| Scholar / School | Ruling on Topical Products | Nuances / Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Hanafi and Shafi'i | Permissible. Applying creams and oils does not break the fast. | This is because the products do not enter the body through an open orifice and are absorbed through pores. |
| Maliki | Generally permissible, but with caution. | If one can taste the oil or cream in their throat, the fast must be made up. |
| Shaykh Ibn Baz | Permissible. | Recommended to use kohl (eyeliner) at night to be on the safe side, though the fast isn't broken. Advised against makeup that harms the skin. |
| Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymin | Permissible. | Confirmed that ointments for dry lips or nose do not break the fast. |
| Ibn Jibrin | Permissible. | Stated that creams reach only the surface of the skin and do not enter the body to break the fast. |
A Simple Fasting Skincare Routine
Adopting a simple and hydrating routine can help your skin thrive during a fast. Focusing on gentle, non-stripping products is key. A possible routine could include:
- Morning (Pre-Fast): Use a mild cleanser to wash the face gently. Follow up with a hydrating moisturizer containing ingredients like hyaluronic acid or ceramides to lock in moisture for the day. Finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect from UV rays throughout the day.
- During the Day: If needed, a gentle face mist can be used for a refreshing sensation and an extra hydration boost. Ensure it doesn't contain intoxicants and that you do not swallow it.
- Evening (Post-Fast): Double cleanse to remove impurities and any remaining products. Use a nourishing serum, such as a retinol-based one at night for skin renewal. Follow with a rich moisturizer to replenish the skin while you sleep.
Conclusion
The ability to use skincare products while fasting is a matter of widely accepted Islamic jurisprudence. The consensus among scholars confirms that applying topical products like moisturizers, creams, sunscreen, and makeup does not break a fast, as they are not ingested. Key considerations include ensuring products are water-permeable for ablution and maintaining proper etiquette, particularly concerning makeup. By following a mindful and hydrating skincare routine, individuals can take care of their skin during fasting without compromising the integrity of their worship. It is important to stay informed through authoritative Islamic sources like those provided by IslamQA.info for further guidance on such matters.
