Jevity is a brand of enteral nutrition formulas manufactured by Abbott Nutrition, providing complete and balanced nutrition for patients who require tube feeding. While these formulas are generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects. The specific side effects and their severity can depend on the individual's underlying health, feeding method, and specific Jevity formula being used.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Gastrointestinal (GI) issues are the most frequently reported side effects associated with enteral formulas like Jevity. These issues are often manageable but require attention from a healthcare provider.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a common and distressing side effect for many patients on tube feeding. Several factors can contribute to it, and in tube-fed patients, the formula is not always the primary cause.
- Osmolality: Some formulas have a high osmolality, which can draw water into the intestines and cause diarrhea.
- Fiber content: While Jevity contains fiber to help regulate bowel movements, excessive or sudden introduction of fiber can sometimes disrupt the gut and lead to diarrhea.
- Contamination: Inadequate hygiene during preparation and administration can lead to bacterial contamination of the formula, resulting in infection and diarrhea.
- Medications: Many liquid medications contain sorbitol, a known laxative, which can cause significant diarrhea in tube-fed patients.
Constipation and Bloating
Conversely, some patients experience constipation, gas, and bloating. The high fiber content in some Jevity formulas is intended to prevent this, but individual reactions can vary.
- Low fluid intake: Inadequate hydration is a major cause of constipation, which can be easily overlooked in tube-fed patients.
- Reduced mobility: Patients who are less mobile or bedridden are more prone to constipation.
- Flow rate: If the formula is delivered too quickly, it can overwhelm the GI system, leading to bloating and discomfort.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting can occur due to various reasons when using Jevity.
- Feeding rate: Infusing the formula too rapidly, especially in patients new to enteral feeding, is a common culprit.
- Formula temperature: Administering the formula at a temperature that is too cold can also cause stomach upset.
- Delayed gastric emptying: For patients with underlying conditions that affect digestion, the formula may sit in the stomach too long, causing nausea.
Potential Metabolic and Systemic Complications
Beyond GI distress, there are other, less common, but more serious side effects associated with enteral feeding and, by extension, Jevity.
Dehydration
Dehydration can occur if fluid intake is not properly managed, especially with calorically dense formulas like Jevity 1.5 Cal. Healthcare providers must ensure adequate free water is provided to meet the patient's hydration needs.
Aspiration
Aspiration, where stomach contents enter the lungs, is a serious risk for patients on tube feeding, especially those with impaired gag reflexes or those lying flat. While not a direct side effect of Jevity, it is a risk of the feeding method itself.
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to ingredients in Jevity are rare but possible. Some formulas contain milk and soy products, and patients with allergies to these ingredients should not use them. Patients with galactosemia, an inability to process galactose, should also not use Jevity.
Comparison of Jevity 1.2 Cal vs. 1.5 Cal Side Effects
Jevity offers different formulas, such as Jevity 1.2 Cal and Jevity 1.5 Cal, which vary in caloric density. This can influence how the body tolerates them.
| Feature | Jevity 1.2 Cal | Jevity 1.5 Cal |
|---|---|---|
| Caloric Density | 1.2 kcal/mL | 1.5 kcal/mL |
| Common GI Effects | Diarrhea, constipation, nausea | Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea |
| Fluid Requirements | Moderate fluid requirements; standard formula | Higher fluid requirements due to caloric density |
| Protein Content | High protein (18.5% of calories) | Very high protein (20% of calories) |
| Who is it for? | Standard tube feeding, long-term use | Increased caloric needs, fluid restrictions |
Managing and Preventing Side Effects
- Adjusting Flow Rate: For patients experiencing nausea or bloating, the infusion rate can be slowed down. Continuous feeding might be better tolerated than bolus feedings.
- Proper Hygiene: Strict adherence to hygiene protocols during preparation and administration is critical to prevent bacterial contamination and subsequent diarrhea.
- Adequate Hydration: Providing extra water flushes between feedings is essential to prevent dehydration and manage constipation.
- Formula Choice: A healthcare provider can recommend a different formula if side effects persist. For instance, a patient with very sensitive digestion might start with a less calorically dense option.
- Monitoring and Supervision: Always use Jevity under medical supervision. Regular monitoring of the patient's tolerance, weight, and blood work is essential.
Conclusion
While Jevity is an effective and widely used nutritional formula, it is not without potential side effects, primarily gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and bloating. Other, more serious risks include dehydration and aspiration, which are linked to the feeding method itself. By working closely with healthcare professionals and adhering to proper administration techniques, most side effects can be effectively managed. The choice between different Jevity formulas, like 1.2 Cal and 1.5 Cal, should be based on the patient's specific nutritional needs and tolerance. Proper management, hygiene, and monitoring are key to minimizing adverse reactions and ensuring the success of nutritional therapy.
Learn more about proper tube feeding techniques from the Oley Foundation, a resource for individuals on home parenteral and enteral nutrition: Tube Feeding Associated Diarrhea - Oley Foundation.
This article is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making any changes to your nutritional regimen.
