A Closer Look at the Red Dye Controversy
Red Dye 40, also known as Allura Red AC, is a synthetic food dye made from petroleum. It is one of the most common food colorings in the United States and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, it remains one of the most controversial food additives, with studies in animals and children raising concerns about links to hyperactivity and other health issues.
The Red Scare of the 1970s
Contrary to a persistent rumor, the red M&M's were not removed in 1976 because they contained Red Dye #2, also known as Amaranth. Mars, the parent company, voluntarily pulled the red candies from their mix to avoid public confusion and concern, as the dye that was banned at the time had been linked to health issues, though it was never used in M&M's. The red M&M's were later reintroduced in 1987, after the public scare had subsided. This historical event highlights the enduring consumer sensitivity to artificial food colorings.
Where to Find Red Dye 40 in M&M's
The best place to confirm the presence of Red Dye 40 is by reading the ingredient label of the specific product. For example, the official M&M's website lists "Red 40" and "Red 40 Lake" as ingredients in their U.S. milk chocolate and peanut M&M's. The presence of "lake" in the ingredient name indicates an insoluble pigment used for coatings. The dye is not limited to the red candies but is often included in the mixture to create other colors as well.
Global Variations in M&M's Ingredients
It is important to note that M&M's ingredients can vary by country due to different food regulations. In some European countries, for instance, Red Dye 40 is approved but with a warning label about potential effects on children's behavior. Furthermore, some international versions of M&M's use natural alternatives to synthetic dyes, or different synthetic dyes altogether. This highlights the variation in food standards and consumer preferences globally.
Comparative Table: M&M's (U.S.) vs. Natural Color Alternatives
| Feature | M&M's (U.S. - Standard) | Unreal Chocolate Gems (Natural Alternative) |
|---|---|---|
| Red Coloring | Red 40, Red 40 Lake | Beetroot powder, radish juice, cabbage juice |
| Other Dyes | Blue 1, Blue 2, Yellow 5, Yellow 6 | Turmeric, annatto, spirulina |
| Source of Dyes | Petroleum-based synthetic compounds | Plant and vegetable-based natural sources |
| Labeling | Lists synthetic colors by name and number | Highlights natural color sources, often "dye-free" |
| Availability | Wide availability in most grocery and convenience stores | Found in specialty stores, health food sections, or online |
| Behavioral Warnings (EU) | Not applicable in the U.S. | Not applicable, generally considered benign coloring |
The Move Toward Natural Colors
In response to growing consumer demand for more natural ingredients, some confectionery companies, including Mars, have started to explore and implement alternative options. As recently as 2025, Mars Wrigley announced plans to offer versions of products like M&M's in the U.S. that are free of FD&C colors, starting in 2026. This shift indicates a market response to the persistent concerns and health studies surrounding artificial dyes.
What To Do If You Are Concerned
If you are worried about your or your family's consumption of Red Dye 40 or other artificial colors, there are clear steps you can take. Always read the ingredient labels carefully, as not all M&M's products contain the same ingredients. Consider alternatives from brands that specifically market themselves as being dye-free or using only natural colorings, like Unreal or YumEarth. Opting for organic foods is also a surefire way to avoid synthetic color additives.
The Final Word
In conclusion, the question of whether M&M's contain Red Dye 40 is straightforward: yes, standard M&M's in the U.S. do contain this synthetic coloring. This reflects both a long-standing history of using artificial dyes for vibrancy and the ongoing evolution of consumer preferences and health concerns. However, with manufacturers like Mars beginning to introduce alternatives, consumers will have more options for naturally colored candies in the future. Staying informed by checking ingredient lists and knowing your alternatives is the best approach for mindful consumption.
M&M's official bulk candy ingredients
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did M&M's remove red candies in the 1970s? In 1976, Mars temporarily removed red M&M's to avoid public concern over a different red dye, Red Dye #2, which was suspected of being carcinogenic, even though their candies did not contain it.
Are M&M's still made with Red Dye 40 today? Yes, standard M&M's sold in the U.S. currently list Red Dye 40 (and its lake form) in their ingredients.
Is Red Dye 40 considered safe by the FDA? The FDA considers Red Dye 40 safe for consumption within established limits. However, some studies have raised concerns, particularly regarding hyperactivity in children, and some advocacy groups have called for further review.
Are there any M&M's products without artificial dyes? Starting in 2026, Mars plans to offer naturally colored versions of certain products, including M&M's, for online sale in the United States.
How can I identify Red Dye 40 in food products? Red Dye 40 can be identified on ingredient labels as "Red 40," "Red 40 Lake," "FD&C Red No. 40," or "Allura Red AC".
Do international versions of M&M's use Red Dye 40? Ingredient formulations can differ globally due to varying regulations. Some international versions may use different colorants, including natural ones, while others use Red 40 with specific labeling requirements.
What are some alternatives to Red Dye 40? Natural alternatives for coloring food include beetroot powder, radish juice, paprika, and carmine (though not vegetarian). There are also alternative candy brands that use only natural colorings.
