The Core Issue: Rennet and the Parmesan Distinction
For many cheese lovers, parmesan is a staple, but for vegetarians, its status has long been a source of confusion. The core of this issue lies in the cheesemaking process, specifically the enzyme used to coagulate the milk. In traditional cheesemaking, this enzyme is rennet, and in the case of authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, it is always derived from the stomach lining of young calves. This means traditional Parmigiano-Reggiano, which is protected by strict European regulations, is never vegetarian.
However, the rules are different for cheeses labeled simply as "Parmesan" outside of Italy. These cheeses are often produced in the United States and other countries and are not bound by the same regulations. This allows for the use of non-animal alternatives to rennet, such as microbial enzymes. When a cheese label simply lists "enzymes" without further clarification, it can be difficult to know for certain. This is where the distinction for brands like Kraft becomes important.
The Ingredients in Kraft Parmesan
Kraft's grated parmesan products have long been a subject of scrutiny for vegetarians. The good news for many is that Kraft generally uses microbial enzymes in its standard grated parmesan. This is confirmed by the company and is typically noted on ingredient lists. Microbial enzymes are sourced from fungi or other non-animal origins, making them suitable for vegetarian consumption. This use of a non-animal enzyme is a key reason why many American-made parmesan-style cheeses, including Kraft's, are considered vegetarian-friendly.
The Lipase Layer: A Closer Look at Flavor
However, the use of microbial rennet is not the full story. Some Kraft products, particularly certain grated or shredded versions, may also list 'lipase' as an ingredient. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down milk fat and is used to enhance the tangy, piquant flavor characteristic of parmesan and other aged cheeses. While vegetarian sources of lipase exist, animal-derived lipase is also common, especially from calves, lambs, and goats. Without specific clarification on the label, it's difficult to determine the origin of the lipase used. Some sources suggest that in the absence of a "v" or other vegetarian certification, the lipase could be animal-derived. For the most cautious vegetarians, the presence of lipase without a specified source may be a dealbreaker. The official position from Kraft is that they use microbial rennet, but the information regarding lipase isn't always as clear on the label, making confirmation difficult.
Navigating Other Parmesan Brands
For vegetarians seeking a guaranteed non-animal product, the best approach is to check labels carefully. Look for clear indicators like "microbial enzymes" or a vegetarian certification symbol. Kosher products also reliably use vegetarian rennet. If you are concerned about lipase, look for brands that explicitly state their lipase source is microbial or plant-based, or choose products that don't list lipase at all. Here's a quick guide:
- Read the Ingredients List: Look for "microbial enzymes" or a similar term. Be cautious if the label only says "enzymes."
- Look for Certifications: Some brands display a symbol, like a circled 'v', to indicate vegetarian suitability. Kosher products are also a safe bet.
- Check for Lipase: If lipase is listed and the product isn't certified vegetarian, it could be from an animal source.
- Choose Reputable Brands: Research brands known for catering to vegetarian or vegan customers, such as Whole Foods' 365 brand, which often explicitly labels their products.
Comparing Parmesan Options for Vegetarians
| Feature | Traditional Parmigiano-Reggiano | American "Parmesan" (e.g., Kraft) | Vegan Alternatives (e.g., Nutritional Yeast) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rennet Source | Animal (Calf) | Microbial (Fungi/non-animal) | None (Fermentation/plant-based) |
| Lipase Source | Often Animal | Can be Animal or Microbial | None |
| Vegetarian Status | No | Generally Yes (Check label for lipase) | Yes |
| Labeling | Protected Designation of Origin | "Parmesan Cheese" (US) | Clearly marked vegan/dairy-free |
| Flavor Profile | Deep, nutty, complex | Milder, salty | Cheesy, savory, nutty |
The Final Word on Kraft Parmesan
The short answer to "Does Kraft parmesan vegetarian?" is generally yes, but with a crucial caveat. The standard grated versions of Kraft parmesan cheese typically use microbial rennet, making them suitable for most vegetarians. The complexity arises with the potential inclusion of lipase, which could be animal-derived depending on the specific product and formulation. For vegetarians who are very strict about avoiding all animal byproducts, checking the ingredient label meticulously for the term "lipase" is the only way to be certain. When in doubt, a quick search on the Kraft website or opting for a clearly labeled vegan or vegetarian-certified alternative is the safest bet.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the vegetarian status of Kraft parmesan is not as straightforward as a simple yes or no. While the company has moved away from using animal-derived rennet in its grated parmesan, the potential use of animal lipase in some products means vegetarians must remain vigilant. The most reliable method is to carefully examine the ingredients list on the packaging of the specific Kraft product you are purchasing. By understanding the difference between rennet and lipase, and the implications of each, vegetarians can make an informed choice and continue to enjoy their meals worry-free.
