What Is Serrapeptase?
Serrapeptase, also known as serratiopeptidase, is an enzyme that has been used in parts of Europe and Asia for decades for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. It is a proteolytic enzyme, which means it has the ability to break down proteins into smaller amino acid components. However, unlike the digestive enzymes our bodies produce to break down food, serrapeptase works systemically within the body. Its key mechanism involves targeting and breaking down non-living proteins. These non-living or "dead" proteins can include inflammatory mediators, scar tissue, and fibrin, a tough protein involved in blood clots.
The enzyme was originally discovered in the digestive system of the silkworm, where it is used to dissolve the silkworm's protective cocoon. This unique origin and function underscore its specific purpose: to clear away debris without harming healthy, living tissue. For human use, it is now typically produced through a fermentation process in laboratories.
How Serrapeptase Works Systemically
For serrapeptase to be effective, it must be absorbed into the bloodstream. When taken orally, the enzyme is highly susceptible to destruction by stomach acid, which would render it useless. To overcome this, most high-quality serrapeptase supplements are enteric-coated. This protective coating allows the capsule to pass through the acidic stomach environment undigested and release the enzyme into the intestines, where it can be absorbed into the systemic circulation.
Once in the bloodstream, serrapeptase binds to a blood protein called alpha-2 macroglobulin, which protects it and transports it to specific sites of inflammation or tissue damage. Here, its proteolytic activity works to dissolve non-living tissue, reducing inflammation, swelling, and pain. The key is that this action occurs throughout the body, not in the digestive tract where food is processed. This systemic effect is why it is often recommended for conditions such as chronic inflammation, respiratory issues involving mucus buildup, and even post-surgical recovery.
The Importance of Taking Serrapeptase on an Empty Stomach
Because serrapeptase is a systemic enzyme and not a digestive one, taking it with food is counterproductive. The presence of food in the stomach can compromise the enteric coating and lead to the enzyme's destruction. Taking it on an empty stomach—typically 30 minutes before a meal or two hours after—ensures its proper absorption into the bloodstream for systemic action.
Serrapeptase vs. Digestive Enzymes
To better understand why serrapeptase doesn't digest food, it is helpful to compare it with the enzymes specifically designed for digestion. Our bodies produce a range of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and other parts of the GI tract. These include amylase (for carbohydrates), lipase (for fats), and various proteases (for proteins). Their sole purpose is to break down the food we eat into absorbable nutrients. Their function is localized to the gastrointestinal tract and they are not intended for systemic circulation to address inflammation or other issues elsewhere in the body.
Here is a comparison table to clarify the differences:
| Feature | Serrapeptase | General Digestive Enzymes |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Function | Breaks down non-living proteins, fibrin, and scar tissue systemically. | Breaks down food (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) in the digestive tract. |
| Site of Action | Circulates in the bloodstream to target inflamed or damaged areas. | Works exclusively in the stomach and intestines to process food. |
| Mechanism | Targets non-living proteins; does not harm healthy, living tissue. | Targets food molecules for nutrient absorption. |
| Absorption | Requires enteric coating to survive stomach acid and be absorbed in the intestines. | Functions directly within the digestive system; not absorbed systemically. |
| Timing for Intake | Taken on an empty stomach for maximum systemic absorption. | Taken with meals to assist with food digestion. |
Potential Benefits and Considerations
Beyond its well-researched anti-inflammatory properties, serrapeptase has been investigated for other potential health benefits due to its systemic proteolytic action. These include:
- Reducing Mucus: Its ability to thin mucus makes it a potential aid for respiratory conditions like bronchitis and chronic sinusitis.
- Managing Pain: By breaking down inflammatory proteins and pain-inducing compounds, it may help alleviate pain associated with various inflammatory conditions.
- Breaking Down Biofilms: Research suggests serrapeptase can disrupt bacterial biofilms, making bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics.
- Dissolving Blood Clots: Some evidence indicates its fibrinolytic properties may help dissolve blood clots and arterial plaque. However, more research is needed, and caution is advised.
Safety and Contraindications
While generally considered safe for short-term use, it's essential to be aware of potential side effects and contraindications. Common side effects can include nausea, stomach upset, and skin rashes. Crucially, due to its ability to affect blood clotting, individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants, antiplatelets) should avoid serrapeptase unless under medical supervision. It is also recommended to discontinue use at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.
Consulting a healthcare provider before starting a serrapeptase supplement is always recommended, especially for long-term use or for specific health conditions. The FDA does not regulate serrapeptase as a drug in the U.S., so the quality and purity of supplements can vary.
Conclusion
In summary, while serrapeptase is a potent proteolytic enzyme, it does not digest food in the way traditional digestive enzymes do. Its function is systemic, relying on a special enteric coating to bypass the stomach and work on non-living proteins throughout the body, such as those involved in inflammation and scar tissue. By understanding this critical difference and adhering to proper dosage instructions, individuals can utilize serrapeptase for its intended therapeutic benefits. It is a tool for targeted systemic clearance, not for breaking down the contents of your last meal. For those seeking digestive support, other enzyme supplements designed for that specific purpose are a more appropriate choice. You can find more information about its therapeutic applications in this review: Review The role of serratiopeptidase in the resolution of inflammation.
