The Controversial Compound: Amygdalin (Incorrectly Called Vitamin B17)
Apricot seeds contain a compound called amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside that is often mislabeled as 'vitamin B17' in alternative medicine circles. When ingested, particularly in raw form, amygdalin breaks down to release hydrogen cyanide, a potent and potentially deadly poison. While some early, unproven studies suggested a link to cancer treatment, all credible and controlled clinical trials have failed to show any benefit and instead confirmed the serious risk of cyanide poisoning. Regulatory bodies like the FDA have banned the sale of laetrile, a synthetic version, for treating cancer due to its ineffectiveness and danger.
Documented Dangers and Risks
- Cyanide Poisoning: The primary risk comes from the cyanide released in the body, which can interfere with cellular respiration and lead to a range of severe symptoms. Symptoms include nausea, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and in extreme cases, respiratory failure, coma, and death. Children are especially vulnerable, with as little as half a kernel potentially causing serious illness.
- Liver Damage: Animal studies have shown that high doses of apricot kernel extract can elevate liver enzymes, indicating potential damage. Chronic or high consumption, especially when combined with high doses of vitamin C, can increase toxicity.
- Neuropathy: Long-term, chronic consumption of cyanogenic compounds can cause nerve damage, potentially leading to impaired eyesight, loss of balance, and sensory or motor nerve dysfunction.
- Drug Interactions: High doses of amygdalin can interact with other substances. For example, some combinations may increase cyanide levels.
The Scrutiny of Cancer Treatment Claims
The notion that amygdalin can selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy ones lacks scientific support. Proponents claim that a high concentration of an enzyme in cancer cells releases cyanide, but this theory has no credible evidence. In fact, studies show that cyanide released from amygdalin is toxic to both healthy and cancerous cells. Clinical trials conducted by the National Cancer Institute in the 1980s showed no benefit for cancer patients and highlighted the significant dangers of oral consumption.
Potential Health Aspects of Processed Kernels
It is crucial to distinguish between raw, unprocessed apricot seeds and properly processed kernels or oils. While the raw form is unsafe, processing methods like soaking, boiling, or baking can significantly reduce the cyanogenic content.
Nutritional Components in Properly Processed Kernels
- Healthy Fats: Like other nuts, apricot kernels contain healthy fats, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats that can support cardiovascular health.
- Fiber: They contain dietary fiber, which is important for healthy digestion and gut function.
- Protein: Apricot kernels are a source of plant-based protein, offering a protein content that can range from 14.6% to 27.1%.
- Antioxidants: Some research indicates the presence of antioxidants like vitamin E and phenolic compounds, which help combat oxidative stress.
- Oil Applications: Apricot kernel oil, often extracted from the seeds, is used topically in skincare for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, and is considered safe for external use.
Comparing Raw vs. Processed Apricot Kernels
| Feature | Raw Apricot Kernels (Dangerous) | Processed Apricot Kernels (Safer) |
|---|---|---|
| Amygdalin Content | High | Significantly reduced |
| Cyanide Risk | High, can cause fatal poisoning | Very low, as heat or processing degrades amygdalin |
| Nutritional Profile | Contains some protein, fiber, and fats, but the high toxicity makes consumption unsafe and ill-advised | Provides healthy fats, protein, and dietary fiber |
| Toxicity | High risk of cyanide toxicity, especially if eaten in large quantities | Safe for moderate consumption in processed foods or oil, but high doses should be avoided |
| Use Case | Not recommended for consumption | Found in some Chinese medicines, soups, or desserts where properly cooked |
Traditional Use and Modern Misconceptions
Historically, various parts of the apricot plant, including the seeds, have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat ailments like coughs and respiratory issues. However, these traditional practices often involved careful processing, such as boiling, which detoxifies the kernels. Modern supplement companies and alternative health advocates, who promote raw apricot seeds or 'B17' pills, frequently misinterpret or misuse these traditions, leading to dangerous health risks for consumers.
The Critical Conclusion: Prioritize Safety Over Anecdote
When evaluating the purported health benefits of apricot seeds, it is essential to prioritize scientific consensus and safety warnings over anecdotal claims. While processed apricot kernels and oil offer some nutritional and cosmetic benefits, the raw seed and its amygdalin content pose a serious and potentially fatal risk of cyanide poisoning. There is no reliable scientific evidence to support claims that amygdalin is a cure for cancer. Any exploration of using this compound should be viewed as extremely dangerous without medical supervision. For those interested in the nutritional aspects, consuming the processed forms found in traditional dishes or utilizing apricot kernel oil topically for skincare is the safer, more prudent approach. Consumers must remain cautious and informed, trusting established food safety guidelines and medical advice over unverified alternative health information.
Warning: If you have ingested raw apricot kernels and experience symptoms such as headaches, nausea, or dizziness, seek immediate medical attention. You can find more information about the severe health risks related to raw apricot kernels from the European Food Safety Authority.
Final Recommendations
- Avoid Raw Seeds: Do not eat raw apricot kernels, regardless of variety. They contain amygdalin which releases cyanide, a poison.
- Safe Processing: For culinary uses, ensure kernels are properly processed (e.g., thoroughly boiled) to remove toxins, as is done in some traditional recipes.
- Recognize False Claims: Be aware that 'vitamin B17' is a pseudoscientific term and not a real vitamin. Avoid supplements or products that make unsubstantiated cancer treatment claims.
- Consult a Professional: Discuss any consideration of alternative therapies with a qualified healthcare provider, especially if you have a serious illness like cancer.
