Is Chocho Inflammatory? Separating Myth from Fact

November 30, 2025 •

4 min read

There is often confusion surrounding whether chocho is inflammatory, primarily due to the existence of two distinct plants sharing the name: the Andean lupin bean (Lupinus mutabilis) and the chayote squash (Sechium edule). In reality, both forms of chocho contain powerful anti-inflammatory compounds, challenging the notion that they cause inflammation.

Quick Summary

An in-depth guide clarifying the anti-inflammatory properties of both Andean chocho (lupin) and chayote squash, addressing the common confusion surrounding these two plants.

Key Points

Two Plants, One Name: The term 'chocho' refers to two different plants: the anti-inflammatory Andean lupin bean and the chayote squash.
Lupin's Anti-Inflammatory Properties: The Andean lupin bean contains protein hydrolysates shown to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce oxidative stress in studies.
Chayote's Antioxidants: The chayote squash is rich in antioxidants like myricetin and vitamin C, which actively fight inflammation and protect cells.
Proper Preparation is Key: Raw Andean lupin contains toxic alkaloids and must be correctly soaked and cooked to be safe for consumption.
Minimal Allergen Risk: While generally safe, Andean lupin poses a rare allergen risk for individuals with peanut or legume sensitivities.
Digestive Comfort: For those sensitive to legumes, introducing chocho beans slowly can help prevent digestive upset like gas or bloating.

The Dual Identity of 'Chocho'

For many, the name 'chocho' can be misleading, as it refers to two distinct plants with very different nutritional profiles and preparation methods. The first, and perhaps most widely recognized in South America, is the Andean lupin bean (Lupinus mutabilis). A high-protein legume, it is traditionally cultivated in the Andean highlands. The second is the chayote squash (Sechium edule), a pear-shaped fruit from Central America that is cooked like a vegetable and sometimes referred to as 'chocho' or 'chow chow'. Both offer notable health benefits, particularly their roles in combating inflammation.

The Anti-Inflammatory Truth About Andean Lupin (Chocho)

The Andean lupin, or chocho bean, is a nutritional powerhouse, packed with protein, fiber, and important phytochemicals. Far from being inflammatory, numerous studies have explored the legume's anti-inflammatory potential, particularly related to its protein hydrolysates.

How Lupin Fights Inflammation

Research published in scientific journals highlights how hydrolyzed lupin proteins can actively combat inflammation at a cellular level.

Attenuation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines: In-vitro studies using macrophages have shown that lupin protein hydrolysates (LPHs) can attenuate the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
Reduction of Oxidative Stress: LPHs have also been shown to reduce the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are key mediators in the inflammatory response.
Modulation of Macrophage Activity: The anti-inflammatory effect of lupin hydrolysates promotes the polarization of macrophages towards an M2 phenotype, which is associated with tissue repair and resolution of inflammation.

Essential Processing for Andean Lupin

It is crucial to understand that raw Andean lupin beans contain bitter and toxic alkaloids that must be properly removed through extensive soaking and boiling before consumption. This traditional 'debittering' process renders the beans safe and digestible, unlocking their nutritional and anti-inflammatory benefits. Consuming improperly prepared beans can lead to anticholinergic toxicity.

Chayote (Squash) and Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects

For those referring to chayote as 'chocho', the news is also overwhelmingly positive. Chayote is rich in various antioxidants and phytochemicals that contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Rich in Antioxidants: Chayote contains potent antioxidants such as myricetin, quercetin, and vitamin C. Myricetin, in particular, has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Cellular Protection: These compounds protect cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage, which are underlying causes of chronic inflammation.
Supports Gut Health: As a high-fiber food, chayote promotes a healthy gut microbiome, which in turn helps regulate inflammation throughout the body.

Addressing Potential Triggers for Inflammation

While neither the lupin bean nor the chayote squash is inherently inflammatory, there are important considerations to ensure they don't cause adverse reactions.

Alkaloids in Lupin: The primary risk associated with the Andean lupin is the toxic alkaloids in the unprocessed seeds. It cannot be overstated that proper debittering is necessary to consume them safely.
Legume Sensitivity: Like other legumes, chocho beans contain some compounds that can cause gas or bloating in sensitive individuals, especially when first introduced into the diet. Proper cooking and gradual introduction can minimize this effect.
Lupin Allergies: While rare, individuals with a peanut or legume allergy may experience allergic reactions to lupin.
Chayote Irritation: Some people may experience localized skin irritation or dermatitis when handling the sap of raw chayote. Thorough washing and peeling can prevent this.

Chocho vs. Other Plant Proteins: Anti-Inflammatory Comparison

To better understand the place of chocho in an anti-inflammatory diet, let's compare the two 'chochos' with a common plant-based alternative.


Feature	Andean Lupin (Chocho)	Chayote (Chocho)	Chickpeas (Garbanzo Beans)
Primary Nature	Legume	Squash (fruit)	Legume
Anti-Inflammatory Compounds	Phytochemicals, protein hydrolysates	Myricetin, Quercetin, Vitamin C	Polyphenols, Fiber
Requires Special Processing?	Yes, debittering to remove toxic alkaloids	No, though peeling can prevent skin irritation	Yes, soaking and cooking is standard
Complete Protein?	Yes, contains all nine essential amino acids	No, minimal protein content	No, must be paired with grains for a complete profile
Fiber Content	High	High	High

Maximizing the Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Chocho

To get the most from these foods, consider incorporating them into your diet in these ways:

For Andean Lupin (Beans or Powder):
- Ensure all beans are properly soaked and cooked according to traditional methods to remove alkaloids.
- Use chocho protein powder in smoothies, baked goods, or protein balls for a nutrient boost.
- Add cooked beans to salads, stews, or veggie ceviche.
For Chayote (Squash):
- Add thinly sliced raw chayote to slaws and salads for a crisp, refreshing crunch.
- Steam or roast chayote as a mild, hydrating side dish.
- Include it in soups or curries to add bulk and nutrients.

Conclusion: The Verdict on Chocho and Inflammation

The final verdict is clear: neither the Andean lupin bean nor the chayote squash is inherently inflammatory. On the contrary, both offer a range of compounds that actively fight inflammation and support overall health. The potential for adverse effects is not related to an inflammatory response to the food itself, but rather to improper preparation of lupin beans or a pre-existing legume allergy. By understanding the distinction between the two plants and preparing them correctly, you can safely enjoy the impressive anti-inflammatory benefits that both types of chocho provide. As with any dietary change, always consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance, especially if you have pre-existing allergies or health conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

The term 'chocho' can refer to both. In South America, it commonly refers to the high-protein Andean lupin bean (Lupinus mutabilis), while in other regions, it is used for chayote squash (Sechium edule).

No, when properly prepared, the Andean lupin bean is not inflammatory. In fact, research shows its protein hydrolysates have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.

Consuming raw Andean chocho beans is not recommended as they contain toxic alkaloids. Proper soaking and cooking are required to remove these compounds, making the beans safe to eat.

Chayote squash reduces inflammation through its high content of antioxidants, such as myricetin and vitamin C, which protect cells from damage and oxidative stress.

Yes, though it is rare. Since the Andean chocho is a lupin bean, individuals with known allergies to peanuts or other legumes may have a reaction. If you have such an allergy, consult a doctor before consuming it.

Yes, both forms of chocho are beneficial for gut health. The high fiber content in both Andean lupin and chayote promotes healthy digestion and a balanced gut microbiome, which can help regulate inflammation.

For Andean lupin beans, proper cooking is essential to remove toxic alkaloids. Chayote squash can be eaten both raw and cooked, retaining its antioxidant benefits either way. For those with sensitive skin, peeling chayote is recommended when eating it raw.