The Science Behind Coconut Oil and Oral Health
Coconut oil's potential for oral health is largely due to its high content of lauric acid. When swished in the mouth, this fatty acid interacts with saliva to form a soap-like substance that aids in cleansing. Lauric acid and its derivative, monolaurin, have antimicrobial properties that target specific harmful oral bacteria.
Targeting Harmful Oral Microbes
Coconut oil has shown effectiveness against Streptococcus mutans, a key bacteria involved in tooth decay. Studies suggest that oil pulling with coconut oil can reduce counts of this and other harmful bacteria, sometimes similarly to commercial mouthwashes but without harsh chemicals. Its antifungal properties can also help combat Candida albicans, which causes oral thrush.
Benefits of Using Coconut Oil for Oral Care
Used as a complement to regular brushing and flossing, coconut oil in an oral hygiene routine can provide several benefits.
- Reduces Plaque and Gingivitis: Research indicates that oil pulling can reduce plaque and symptoms of gingivitis like inflammation and bleeding gums. The oil's anti-inflammatory properties may also soothe irritated gum tissue.
- Fights Bad Breath (Halitosis): By trapping odor-causing bacteria, oil pulling can lead to fresher breath. This effect may be more lasting than with some alcohol-based mouthwashes.
- Relieves Dry Mouth and Soothes Sensitivity: The moisturizing effect can help with dry mouth. It might also create a protective layer over sensitive areas.
- Supports a Balanced Oral Microbiome: Unlike some harsh mouthwashes, coconut oil may offer a more targeted approach against pathogens, potentially supporting a healthier balance of oral microorganisms.
Risks and Potential Side Effects
While beneficial, using coconut oil for oral health carries potential risks, especially if not done correctly.
Aspiration Risk and Digestive Issues
A rare but serious risk is aspirating the oil into the lungs, potentially causing lipoid pneumonia. This is a higher risk if the user is not used to the practice or has swallowing difficulties. Swallowing the oil, which contains bacteria and toxins, can also cause digestive problems like upset stomach or diarrhea if done often.
Clogged Plumbing
Coconut oil solidifies when cool. Spitting it into the sink can clog drains, so it should always be discarded in the trash.
Not a Replacement for Essential Care
Dental professionals emphasize that oil pulling does not replace standard oral hygiene. It does not provide fluoride, essential for strengthening enamel and preventing cavities. It should supplement brushing with fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily.
A Comparison of Coconut Oil Pulling vs. Conventional Mouthwash
| Feature | Coconut Oil Pulling | Conventional Mouthwash |
|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredient | Lauric acid (natural antimicrobial) | Alcohol, chlorhexidine (synthetic antiseptics) |
| Primary Function | Traps and removes bacteria and plaque | Kills bacteria and freshens breath |
| Microbiome Impact | More targeted, potentially supports healthy flora | Broad-spectrum, kills both good and bad bacteria |
| Fluoride Content | None | Often included in formulas for remineralization |
| Whitening Ability | Gentle stain removal over time, not true whitening | Some formulas contain whitening agents for faster results |
| Common Side Effects | Digestive upset if swallowed, pipe clogs, jaw soreness | Mouth dryness, burning sensation, taste alteration, staining |
| Professional Stance | Considered an adjunct; not ADA approved | Often dentist-recommended, some with ADA approval |
How to Safely Incorporate Coconut Oil Into Your Routine
If you choose to try oil pulling with coconut oil, follow these steps:
- Use High-Quality Oil: Choose organic, virgin coconut oil for higher beneficial compounds.
- Start Small: Begin with one teaspoon and increase to a tablespoon as you get used to it.
- Swish for 15–20 Minutes: Before brushing or eating, swish the oil vigorously between your teeth.
- Do Not Swallow: Spit out the oil, as it contains absorbed toxins and bacteria.
- Dispose Properly: Spit the oil into a trash can to avoid clogging drains.
- Rinse and Brush: Rinse your mouth with warm water, then brush and floss as usual.
The Role of Professional Dental Advice
Consult your dentist before starting any new oral care practice, especially with existing conditions. They can offer personalized advice. The American Dental Association (ADA) currently recommends scientifically proven methods like brushing with fluoride toothpaste and flossing and does not endorse oil pulling as a primary treatment. For more on oral hygiene, visit the ADA's official website.
Conclusion
Coconut oil is generally safe for oral use, particularly oil pulling, and can offer benefits as a supplementary practice. Its antimicrobial properties, due to lauric acid, may help reduce plaque, gum inflammation, and bad breath. However, it is not a substitute for traditional dental care like brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. To use it safely and effectively, always dispose of the oil properly, avoid swallowing it, and consult with a dental professional to integrate it into your oral care strategy.
