The Critical Role of Emergency Water in Survival
In the event of a natural disaster, system failure, or other emergency, the public water supply can become compromised or completely inaccessible. Without a reliable source, individuals and families are at risk of dehydration and waterborne illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other authorities emphasize the importance of storing a sufficient supply of safe drinking water to meet your needs. Planning for this contingency is not a luxury but a fundamental part of self-sufficiency.
Factors Determining if Emergency Water is Good for You
The safety and quality of emergency water are not inherent; they depend entirely on its source and how it is managed. The key to ensuring your emergency water is good for you lies in proper preparation and sanitation. Several factors play a role:
- Source of the Water: Commercially bottled water is considered the safest and most reliable option, as it is sealed and treated by the manufacturer. Tap water from a chlorinated public supply is also safe to store, provided you use the correct procedures. Water from untested sources like ponds, rivers, or rain must be treated before consumption.
- Storage Containers: The type of container is crucial. Food-grade plastic or glass containers are necessary to prevent chemical leaching into the water. Using containers that have previously held toxic chemicals, milk, or juice is extremely dangerous and can contaminate the water.
- Storage Conditions: Water should be stored in a cool, dark location away from direct sunlight and toxic substances like gasoline, pesticides, and cleaning chemicals. These conditions prevent algae growth and preserve the integrity of the plastic containers.
- Rotation Schedule: While commercially bottled water can last for several years, home-filled containers should be rotated more frequently. The water should be replaced every six months to ensure freshness and safety.
Storing Emergency Water Safely
Preparing your own emergency water supply is a straightforward but essential process. Following these steps will ensure your stored water is good for you and your family when you need it most.
A Step-by-Step Guide to DIY Water Storage
- Choose Appropriate Containers: Select FDA-approved, food-grade plastic containers. Look for recycling codes like PETE (#1) or HDPE (#2) on the container. Glass containers are also suitable but can break. Avoid old milk jugs, which are not suitable for long-term storage.
- Clean and Sanitize: Before filling, wash the container thoroughly with soap and water. Sanitize it with a solution of 1 teaspoon of unscented liquid household bleach per quart of water. Shake well, let it stand for 30 seconds, then pour out the solution and let the container air dry.
- Fill with Water: Fill the container with clean tap water, leaving a small air space at the top. If your water is from a non-chlorinated source (like a well), add 1/8 teaspoon of unscented bleach per gallon of water.
- Seal and Label: Seal the container tightly and label it clearly with the words "Drinking Water" and the date of storage.
- Store Correctly: Place containers in a cool, dark place away from chemicals and sunlight. Avoid storing directly on concrete floors.
Methods for Emergency Water Purification
During an emergency, you may run out of your stored water or need to use a questionable source. In these cases, it is vital to purify the water before use. Boiling is the most effective method, but other options are available. It is crucial to remember that these methods kill biological contaminants (bacteria, viruses, parasites) but do not remove chemical toxins or heavy metals.
Emergency Water Treatment Comparison
| Method | How it Works | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling | Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute (3 minutes at elevations above 6,500 ft). | Kills virtually all germs (viruses, bacteria, parasites). The most reliable method. | Requires a heat source and fuel. Water may have a flat taste. Doesn't remove chemicals or sediment. |
| Chlorine Bleach | Add a specific amount of unscented household bleach (5-9% sodium hypochlorite) to water and let stand. | Effective against many germs, including some viruses and bacteria. Readily available and inexpensive. | Less effective against resistant parasites like Cryptosporidium. Leaves a distinct taste. Ineffective if water is very cloudy. |
| Portable Filters | Pushes water through a micro-filtration system to remove larger organisms. | Removes bacteria and parasites. Some have activated carbon to improve taste. | Most backpacking filters do not remove viruses, which are too small. Can be slow and requires maintenance. |
| UV Light Purifiers | Uses a UV light wand to sterilize microorganisms in clear water. | Kills bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Fast and easy for small quantities. | Ineffective in cloudy water, as particles block the light. Dependent on batteries. Only for clear water. |
What to Avoid in Emergency Water
To ensure your emergency water is good for you, you must be aware of sources and conditions that make water unsafe. Never use water that has a strange color or odor, or that is known to be contaminated with chemicals or oil. Specific sources to avoid include:
- Radiators or Boilers: The water in these systems is not safe for human consumption and can contain toxic chemicals.
- Swimming Pools: While sometimes used for sanitation, pool water contains high levels of chemicals and should not be consumed.
- Waterbeds: The water in these contains chemicals to prevent algae growth and is toxic.
- Toilet Bowls: The water in the bowl is contaminated. The water in the tank is generally clean, but should only be used if necessary after other sources have been exhausted, and only if there are no chemical bowl cleaners.
For more detailed guidance on emergency water disinfection, consult the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's resources.
Conclusion: The Final Word on Emergency Water
Yes, emergency water is good for you, provided it has been properly managed from the start. Your preparedness for a water-related emergency directly impacts your health and safety. The key takeaway is that an emergency water supply requires proactive planning, including selecting safe storage containers, maintaining a rotation schedule, and knowing how to purify water from a potentially contaminated source. While commercially bottled water offers the simplest solution, creating and maintaining a home supply is a cost-effective and reliable alternative. By following established safety guidelines, you can ensure that this most vital of resources will be available and safe when you need it most.
