What Is True Sarsaparilla?
True sarsaparilla refers to the root of a tropical vine from the Smilax genus, which is native to Central and South America and the Caribbean. There are numerous species, including Smilax officinalis and Smilax ornata, that have been used for centuries by indigenous peoples and later introduced to Europe for their medicinal properties. The root is the primary part used, traditionally prepared as a tea or tonic. Its flavor is often described as earthy and slightly bitter, which is distinct from the sweet, spiced flavor most people associate with modern root beer.
The Historical Confusion with Sassafras
The most significant source of confusion surrounding sarsaparilla comes from its historical relationship with the sassafras tree. In the 19th century, many American root beers and some early sarsaparilla drinks were flavored with sassafras bark and oil. Sassafras has a different flavor profile and is derived from a completely different plant. However, in 1960, the FDA banned the use of sassafras oil (safrole) in commercial food production after studies suggested it could be carcinogenic in rats. This ban led to commercial root beers and sarsaparillas switching to artificial flavorings or safrole-free sassafras extracts, further separating the taste from the original source ingredients.
Where to Find Real Sarsaparilla Root
For those seeking authentic sarsaparilla, the fresh or dried root can be purchased from various sources. It's important to be specific and ensure you are buying the correct species, such as Smilax ornata or Smilax officinalis, rather than unrelated plants often marketed under similar names, like 'Indian sarsaparilla' (Hemidesmus indicus) or 'wild sarsaparilla' (Aralia nudicaulis).
Where to look for real sarsaparilla root:
- Online Herb Suppliers: Reputable online retailers specializing in organic and ethically sourced herbs often carry genuine sarsaparilla root in cut-and-sifted or powdered forms. Look for suppliers that clearly list the botanical name (Smilax spp.) to avoid confusion with substitutes.
- Local Health Food Stores: Some larger natural food stores or apothecaries may carry bulk herbs, including sarsaparilla root. This allows you to inspect the product firsthand.
- Specialty Beverage Companies: Some craft soda makers pride themselves on using authentic ingredients and may offer a bottled drink made with real Smilax root. Read the ingredient list carefully to confirm it contains real sarsaparilla root or extract.
Preparing Sarsaparilla at Home
Creating your own sarsaparilla drink or tea from the root is a simple process. The traditional method involves making a decoction, which is a stronger brew than a typical tea. You can then use this concentrated liquid as a base for beverages.
- Gather Ingredients: You will need dried sarsaparilla root, water, and optional sweeteners (like honey or molasses) and spices (vanilla, licorice root, or ginger) to taste.
- Decoction Process: Bring 1-2 teaspoons of dried root per cup of water to a boil. Reduce the heat and simmer for 10-15 minutes to extract the flavors and compounds.
- Strain and Sweeten: Strain the liquid to remove the root pieces. Add your preferred sweetener while the mixture is still warm.
- Enjoy: Drink the tea hot, or chill it and serve over ice as a refreshing, old-fashioned beverage.
Is Sarsaparilla a Healthy Alternative?
While traditional uses of sarsaparilla include treating skin conditions like psoriasis and inflammatory issues like arthritis, modern scientific evidence is limited. Many health claims are based on historical beliefs rather than rigorous human studies. Some promising preliminary studies suggest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but more research is needed to validate these benefits for humans. As a dietary supplement, sarsaparilla is not regulated by the FDA for safety and effectiveness. Caution is advised, as some products have shown unsafe lead levels, and it can interact with certain medications.
Comparison: True Sarsaparilla vs. Sassafras
| Feature | True Sarsaparilla (Smilax spp.) | Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) |
|---|---|---|
| Plant Type | Tropical climbing vine | Deciduous tree |
| Native Region | Central and South America, Caribbean | Eastern United States and East Asia |
| Flavor Profile | Earthy, slightly bitter, and woody | Sweet, spicy, and anise-like (root bark) |
| Primary Compound | Saponins (e.g., sarsaponin) | Safrole (found in root bark oil) |
| FDA Status | Permitted as a food flavoring, but supplements are not regulated | Safrole-containing oil is banned for commercial food use |
| Modern Use | Herbal supplement, specialty beverage ingredient | Artificial flavorings, safrole-free extract in commercial root beer |
Conclusion
For those interested in exploring the genuine article, it is entirely possible to get real sarsaparilla. This requires sourcing the correct species of root (Smilax spp.) from a trusted supplier rather than assuming that commercial sodas contain it. While traditional medicine celebrated sarsaparilla for its purported benefits, a diet rich in real sarsaparilla is not a guaranteed cure-all and lacks sufficient modern scientific backing for most health claims. Preparing the tea at home offers an authentic experience, but as with all supplements, informed caution and consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended, particularly due to potential safety concerns and medication interactions. The true legacy of sarsaparilla lies more in its fascinating history as a tonic and beverage ingredient than in proven nutritional miracles.
