Vital AF, an advanced formula of therapeutic elemental nutrition, is a medical food designed by Abbott Nutrition for patients with malabsorption, maldigestion, impaired GI function, or GI intolerance. It features a unique blend of hydrolyzed protein and structured lipids to promote better absorption and gut health. However, despite being formulated for tolerance, it's important for patients and caregivers to be aware of the possible side effects and how to manage them under medical supervision.
Common Gastrointestinal Side Effects
As with many nutritional formulas, the most commonly reported side effects of Vital AF are gastrointestinal in nature. These effects are often temporary as the body adjusts to the new nutritional source.
- Nausea: Some individuals may experience mild to moderate nausea, particularly when first starting the formula. This can often be managed by adjusting the rate of administration for tube feeding or consuming the oral supplement more slowly.
- Diarrhea: Loose stools or diarrhea can occur, which may be related to the formula's composition or the rate of feeding. A healthcare provider might adjust the feeding schedule or recommend other interventions to help mitigate this issue.
- Constipation: Less frequently, constipation can be a side effect. Ensuring adequate hydration and potentially adjusting other dietary factors can help. The formula does contain prebiotic fiber (scFOS) to help with bowel health, but individual needs vary.
- Abdominal Discomfort and Bloating: Patients may report feelings of general abdominal discomfort or bloating, which is often a sign of the GI tract adjusting to the formula.
Why These GI Issues Occur
The gastrointestinal system is a delicate ecosystem. Even a well-designed formula like Vital AF introduces a new blend of nutrients, which can temporarily disrupt the normal balance. The presence of specialized ingredients like hydrolyzed protein and prebiotic fiber, while beneficial, can still cause initial digestive adjustments.
Severe Adverse Reactions and Important Warnings
While rare, more severe reactions can occur, and it is crucial to recognize these symptoms and seek immediate medical help.
- Allergic Reactions: An allergic reaction is a serious adverse effect and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms can include: a skin rash, itching, hives, or swelling of the face, tongue, or throat.
- Breathing Problems: Any difficulty breathing or severe dizziness experienced after administration should be treated as a medical emergency.
- Pain, Tingling, or Numbness: Report any unusual sensations, such as pain, tingling, or numbness in the hands or feet, to a healthcare provider as soon as possible.
Crucial Precautions: Vital AF is not for intravenous (IV) use and must not be administered that way. It is also explicitly stated that Vital AF is not suitable for people with galactosemia.
Comparison of Vital AF to Standard Enteral Formulas
For patients with gastrointestinal compromise, Vital AF offers a specialized approach. The table below compares some key features with a standard, polymeric formula.
| Feature | Vital AF (Therapeutic Elemental) | Standard Polymeric Formula | Benefits for Patients | Potential Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | Hydrolyzed peptide-based | Whole protein | Easier to absorb for compromised GI tracts | GI issues like diarrhea if not tolerated |
| Fat | Structured lipid with fish oil | Standard fats | Better absorption, omega-3s for inflammation | Can cause GI issues if not tolerated |
| Carbohydrates | Corn Maltodextrin | Corn Maltodextrin, Sucrose | Easily absorbed | Can be a source of GI distress |
| Fiber | Prebiotic scFOS | Often contains a fiber blend or is fiber-free | Promotes beneficial bacteria growth | Can cause gas or bloating initially |
| Intended Use | GI intolerance, malabsorption, inflammation | General nutrition for standard digestion | Tolerated by more vulnerable patients | May cause issues for compromised GI tracts |
Managing Side Effects of Vital AF
If a patient experiences side effects, it's important to consult a healthcare provider, but some management strategies can help:
- Adjust Flow Rate: For tube feeding, a slower infusion rate can often reduce nausea and diarrhea.
- Check Temperature: Administering the formula at room temperature is recommended, as excessively cold or warm formula can sometimes trigger GI issues.
- Proper Preparation and Handling: Follow all instructions for preparation and storage to avoid microbial contamination, which could cause illness.
- Stay Hydrated: Additional fluids may be necessary between feedings, especially if diarrhea is a concern.
Conclusion
Vital AF is a valuable therapeutic nutrition option for patients with impaired GI function, but understanding and monitoring its potential side effects is essential for effective care. The formula is generally well-tolerated due to its specialized ingredients, but gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and bloating can occur. Close collaboration with a healthcare provider is critical to ensure that side effects are properly managed and to immediately address any signs of serious complications like allergic reactions or breathing problems. Patients and caregivers must be vigilant about potential reactions and adhere strictly to the proper administration guidelines, including avoiding IV use and use by individuals with galactosemia. The manufacturer's website provides further information for healthcare professionals and patients.
It is important to remember that these side effects do not diminish the intended therapeutic benefits of Vital AF. When managed correctly under medical supervision, it can provide crucial nutritional support for those who need it most.
