Understanding the Differences Between Natural Chlorophyll and Supplements
Before delving into the negative effects of chlorophyll, it's crucial to distinguish between natural chlorophyll found in green vegetables and the concentrated form sold as supplements, known as chlorophyllin.
Natural chlorophyll is a fat-soluble pigment, and consuming it via vegetables is generally safe and associated with numerous health benefits without negative side effects. The compound is bound within the plant's fibrous structure and absorbed differently by the body.
In contrast, chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll. It is more readily absorbed by the body, which can increase the likelihood of experiencing side effects, particularly when taken in high doses. The risks and negative effects discussed below primarily pertain to these concentrated supplements, not to the chlorophyll consumed through a healthy diet rich in leafy greens.
Common Digestive and Excretory Issues
One of the most frequently reported negative effects of concentrated chlorophyll supplements involves the gastrointestinal system. These side effects are typically mild and subside once supplementation is stopped, but they can be uncomfortable.
- Diarrhea and Loose Stools: A common complaint among users, especially those taking liquid chlorophyll. This effect can be particularly prominent when first starting a supplement or if the dosage is too high.
- Stomach Cramps and Nausea: Some individuals experience mild stomach cramps or feelings of nausea as their digestive system adjusts to the new substance.
- Discolored Stools and Urine: The potent green pigment in chlorophyll can temporarily change the color of bodily excretions. Stools may turn green, yellow, or even black, which can be alarming to those unaware of this harmless side effect. Urine may also have a greenish tint.
- Discolored Tongue: Similarly, taking liquid chlorophyll can cause a temporary discoloration of the tongue, turning it yellow or black.
Increased Skin Sensitivity and Photosensitivity
Another significant risk associated with chlorophyll supplements is an increased sensitivity to sunlight, a condition known as photosensitivity. This occurs because chlorophyll absorbs light, and in high concentrations, this property can affect the skin's reaction to UV rays.
Individuals who take chlorophyll supplements may find that their skin is more susceptible to sunburn, rashes, or blistering after sun exposure. This is a particular concern for those who already take medications that increase sun sensitivity, such as certain antibiotics, acne treatments, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In severe cases, a condition known as pseudoporphyria has been reported, characterized by severe blistering and skin damage from light exposure.
Potential for Drug Interactions
As with any supplement, chlorophyll can interact with certain prescription medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing side effects. It is vital to consult a healthcare provider before adding a chlorophyll supplement to your routine, especially if you are on medication.
- Methotrexate: Chlorophyll may slow the rate at which the body eliminates the chemotherapy drug methotrexate, leading to a buildup that can increase the risk of side effects.
- Photosensitizing Drugs: Combining chlorophyll with medications that already increase sun sensitivity can significantly heighten the risk of severe sunburn and skin damage.
- Blood Thinners: Some chlorophyll products may contain vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting and can interfere with the effectiveness of blood-thinning medications like warfarin.
Comparative Table: Natural Chlorophyll vs. Chlorophyllin Supplements
| Feature | Natural Chlorophyll (from food) | Chlorophyllin Supplements |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Found in green leafy vegetables, algae, etc. | Semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative. |
| Absorption | Lower absorption due to fibrous encapsulation. | Higher absorption, especially in liquid form. |
| Toxicity | Not known to be toxic, even in large amounts. | Considered non-toxic, but high doses may cause issues. |
| Side Effects | Rare or non-existent when consumed naturally. | Common side effects like diarrhea, cramps, and discoloration. |
| Photosensitivity | No known increase in sun sensitivity. | Potential to increase skin's sensitivity to sunlight. |
| Drug Interactions | Minimal risk of interaction. | Possible interactions with methotrexate and photosensitizing drugs. |
| Safety in Pregnancy | Generally considered safe (as part of a healthy diet). | Safety not established; should be avoided or discussed with a doctor. |
Other Considerations and Warnings
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There is insufficient research to determine the safety of chlorophyll supplements for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals. Healthcare professionals typically advise against their use due to a lack of data.
- Lack of FDA Regulation: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate dietary supplements with the same scrutiny as pharmaceuticals. This means the dosage, purity, and safety of commercial chlorophyll products are not standardized. Consumers should exercise caution and research brands carefully.
- Copper Content: Many chlorophyllin supplements contain copper. While this is not an issue for most, excessive copper intake can lead to copper toxicity, and individuals with a rare condition called Wilson's disease must be especially cautious.
- Allergic Reactions: Though uncommon, some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to topical or oral chlorophyll supplements, which can manifest as hives, itching, or swelling.
Conclusion
While natural chlorophyll from whole foods is safe and beneficial, the negative effects of chlorophyll are primarily associated with the overconsumption or supplementation of concentrated chlorophyllin. These side effects, including gastrointestinal distress, increased sun sensitivity, and potential drug interactions, highlight the need for caution. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare provider before starting a new supplement, especially for those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications. For most people, the safest and most effective way to boost chlorophyll intake is through a balanced diet rich in leafy green vegetables.
Linus Pauling Institute - Chlorophyll and Metallo-Chlorophyll Derivatives
