Raw apricot seeds are often marketed by alternative health proponents as a superfood, with claims ranging from cancer treatment to general wellness. The truth, supported by numerous health agencies and extensive research, is that consuming raw apricot seeds can be extremely dangerous. The primary concern lies with a naturally occurring compound called amygdalin, which breaks down into cyanide inside the body. Cyanide is a fast-acting poison that interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen, leading to severe illness and potentially death.
The Real Danger: Cyanide Poisoning
When ingested, the amygdalin in apricot kernels is metabolized by enzymes in the digestive system, releasing hydrogen cyanide. While the human body can detoxify tiny amounts of cyanide, consuming more than a very small quantity of raw seeds can quickly overwhelm the body's natural defense mechanisms. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) suggests that as few as three small raw apricot kernels could exceed the safe consumption level for an adult. Children are at an even higher risk due to their smaller body mass.
Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning
Cyanide poisoning symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Mild to moderate symptoms: Headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and weakness.
- Severe symptoms: Shortness of breath, seizures, loss of consciousness, coma, and cardiac arrest.
Debunking the 'Vitamin B17' and Cancer Myth
One of the most persistent myths surrounding apricot seeds is that they contain 'vitamin B17' (laetrile) and can cure cancer. This is a dangerous falsehood with no scientific basis.
- Laetrile is not a vitamin: Ernst T. Krebs Jr. originally called laetrile 'vitamin B17' in an attempt to circumvent regulations, but it is not a vitamin and has never been approved as one by reputable scientific bodies.
- No evidence of effectiveness: Multiple studies and reviews have failed to show any anti-cancer effect from laetrile or amygdalin in human clinical trials. A 1982 study published in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded that laetrile was an ineffective cancer treatment.
- The theory is flawed: The belief that cyanide released from amygdalin selectively kills cancer cells is unfounded. Cyanide is a non-specific toxin that harms both healthy and cancerous cells.
The Historical Marketing of Laetrile
The synthetic form of amygdalin, laetrile, was heavily marketed as a cancer treatment in the mid-20th century. Despite this, the FDA banned laetrile due to its ineffectiveness and significant safety concerns. Nonetheless, unproven supplements derived from apricot kernels continue to be sold, exploiting hope and misinformation.
Safe vs. Unsafe Apricot Seed Consumption
| Feature | Raw Apricot Seeds | Processed Apricot Kernels |
|---|---|---|
| Amygdalin Content | High, especially in bitter varieties. | Significantly reduced through proper cooking. |
| Cyanide Risk | High; releases cyanide when digested. | Low; cooking inactivates the cyanogenic compounds. |
| Health Authorities' Stance | Advise against consumption due to poisoning risk. | Generally considered safe for use in food, like Chinese desserts. |
| Example of Use | Often sold illegally as a health supplement. | Cooked in traditional recipes or used for oil extraction. |
| Associated Health Risks | Potential for severe toxicity, coma, and death. | Minimal risk when processed correctly. |
The Proper Way to Process and Use Apricot Seeds
For products where apricot kernels are an ingredient, such as some traditional Chinese soups or certain liquors like amaretto, proper processing is key. Cooking or boiling them for at least 30 minutes can inactivate the cyanide-releasing enzymes, making them safe for consumption. This is why eating fruit flesh, jams, and other cooked apricot products is safe, as the toxic compound is only in the kernel and is neutralized by heat.
For consumers, the safest approach is to avoid raw apricot seeds completely. This applies to both whole seeds and powdered supplements, which can be contaminated or contain dangerously high levels of amygdalin. Products marketed with labels like 'vitamin B17' should be viewed with extreme skepticism. In fact, due to ongoing safety concerns, several countries, including Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, have implemented regulations regarding the sale and consumption of raw apricot kernels.
Conclusion: The Final Verdict on Apricot Seeds
The belief that consuming raw apricot seeds offers significant health benefits, especially as a cancer cure, is a dangerous and scientifically unfounded myth. The reality is that the amygdalin within the seeds converts to cyanide in the body, which can lead to severe and potentially fatal poisoning. Health authorities worldwide have issued strong warnings against their consumption. Any supposed health benefits are far outweighed by the very real and immediate risk of toxicity. For those seeking health and nutrition, the much safer and more effective approach is a balanced diet rich in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and other proven sources of vitamins and nutrients. Do not put your health at risk by consuming raw apricot seeds or unproven 'vitamin B17' supplements.
For further information on the risks of alternative cancer treatments, consult resources from authoritative organizations such as the National Cancer Institute.
