What is Chlorophyll (and Chlorophyllin)?
Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is essential for photosynthesis. In its natural, fat-soluble state, the human body does not absorb it effectively when consumed. This is why most supplements contain chlorophyllin, a semi-synthetic, water-soluble version of chlorophyll where the central magnesium atom has been replaced with copper or other minerals to increase its stability and bioavailability. It's the effects of this more readily absorbed chlorophyllin, and the nutrients associated with whole foods, that are most often studied.
Potential Health Benefits of Chlorophyll in the Body
Supports Detoxification Processes
One of the most widely cited potential benefits of chlorophyll is its role in detoxification. Studies suggest that chlorophyllin can bind to certain environmental toxins and carcinogens, such as aflatoxins, which helps prevent them from being absorbed by the body. By doing so, it supports the body's natural waste elimination processes. Some research also indicates that chlorophyll may support liver health and its detoxification functions.
Acts as a Powerful Antioxidant
Chlorophyll and its derivatives possess strong antioxidant properties. Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can lead to oxidative stress. By neutralizing free radicals, chlorophyll contributes to overall cellular health and may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases associated with oxidative damage.
Aids in Skin Health and Wound Healing
Both oral and topical applications of chlorophyll have shown promise for skin health. Some small-scale pilot studies have found that topical chlorophyllin gel can improve acne and reduce the appearance of large pores and sun-damaged skin. Additionally, due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, chlorophyllin has been historically used in ointments to aid in wound healing by stimulating the growth of new tissue and controlling infection.
Works as an Internal Deodorant
Chlorophyll has been used for decades as an internal deodorizer, and some evidence supports this effect. Studies, including one on individuals with the metabolic disorder trimethylaminuria (which causes a fishy body odor), showed that chlorophyllin significantly reduced the concentration of the odor-causing compound. It is believed to help neutralize odors from within, affecting bad breath, body odor, and other bodily wastes.
Supports Blood Health
While not a direct blood substitute, the structural similarity between chlorophyll and hemoglobin has led to claims about its blood-building properties. Chlorophyll's porphyrin ring is similar to the heme group in hemoglobin, though it contains magnesium instead of iron. Some early studies on wheatgrass, which is rich in chlorophyll, suggested it might reduce the need for blood transfusions in some blood disorders, though the evidence isn't conclusive that chlorophyll is the sole cause. However, some derivative compounds may assist in promoting efficient oxygen uptake.
Potential Role in Weight Management
Limited research, including a 2014 study on overweight women, has explored chlorophyll's potential effect on weight loss. The study found that a supplement containing green plant membranes, including chlorophyll, was associated with greater weight loss and reduced bad cholesterol levels compared to a placebo. The mechanisms are not fully understood, but some suggest it may help reduce appetite and cravings. It's important to note that a varied, plant-rich diet is a more reliable approach to weight management than any single supplement.
How to Get Chlorophyll: Food vs. Supplements
There are two primary ways to increase your chlorophyll intake, each with its own advantages.
- Dietary Sources: The most natural way to get chlorophyll is by eating plenty of dark, leafy green vegetables. Spinach, parsley, broccoli, kale, and wheatgrass are all excellent sources. Eating whole foods provides not only chlorophyll but also a host of other beneficial vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber that supplements lack.
- Supplements: For higher concentrations, supplements containing chlorophyllin are available in liquid drops, capsules, and powders. Liquid chlorophyll is often added to water or smoothies, and some proponents believe it offers better absorption than consuming it in tablet form. These products are typically standardized to provide a consistent dosage.
Comparison: Natural Chlorophyll vs. Chlorophyllin Supplements
| Feature | Natural Chlorophyll (from whole foods) | Chlorophyllin (in supplements) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Dark leafy green vegetables, algae (e.g., spirulina) | Extracted and chemically modified from plant chlorophyll |
| Form | Fat-soluble; contained within plant cells | Water-soluble; enhanced for better bioavailability |
| Absorption | Poorly absorbed by the human body; mainly metabolized into derivatives | Absorbed more easily and in higher amounts |
| Additional Nutrients | Rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other phytonutrients | Isolated compound; provides fewer additional nutrients |
| Consistency | Variable dosage depending on food preparation | Standardized, consistent dosage per serving |
| Regulation | Not regulated by the FDA as a supplement | Not regulated by the FDA as a supplement |
Potential Side Effects and Considerations
Chlorophyll is generally considered safe when taken in moderation. However, some people may experience mild side effects, especially when first starting supplements.
- Digestive Issues: Mild stomach upset, diarrhea, or loose stools can occur.
- Discoloration: It's common to have green-colored urine or feces, and rarely, a discolored tongue.
- Photosensitivity: Supplemental chlorophyllin can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, increasing the risk of sunburn.
- Drug Interactions: Caution is advised for individuals on certain medications, as chlorophyll may interact with some drugs.
- No Magic Bullet: Supplements should be seen as a complement to a healthy lifestyle, not a replacement for a balanced diet and regular exercise.
Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have pre-existing health conditions.
Conclusion
In the human body, chlorophyll, particularly in its supplemental form (chlorophyllin), appears to offer several intriguing health benefits based on preliminary research. These range from supporting the body's natural detoxification pathways and acting as a potent antioxidant to promoting healthier skin and acting as an internal deodorant. While some benefits are promising, many claims require further investigation through large-scale human studies. A balanced diet rich in leafy greens remains the most effective and reliable way to boost overall health, offering a wide array of synergistic nutrients. When used wisely and in consultation with a health professional, chlorophyll and chlorophyllin can be a supportive element in a holistic wellness routine.
For more information on the body's natural detoxification processes, visit the National Institutes of Health (NIH) website for reliable resources.
