The Many Aliases of Evening Primrose
The plant scientifically known as Oenothera biennis is recognized by a surprising number of common and vernacular names across different regions. Many of these names are rooted in historical medicinal uses, folklore, or the plant's distinct physical characteristics. Understanding what is another name for evening primrose is not just a botanical exercise; it is a journey into the plant's cultural and traditional heritage.
Fever Plant and King's Cure-All
Among its most well-known aliases is “fever plant,” a name stemming from its traditional use in various folk remedies. Herbalists and Native American tribes historically used preparations from the evening primrose to address fevers and other ailments. This reputation as a versatile remedy also earned it the grand title of “King’s Cure-All,” implying its broad range of applications. This name speaks to the high regard in which the plant was held for its perceived healing properties.
Sundrops and Evening Star
Two other common names, “sundrops” and “evening star,” refer to the plant's blooming habits. The vibrant yellow flowers of the evening primrose famously open in the late afternoon and evening, and they often remain open through the night, closing by mid-morning. This unique nocturnal blooming pattern is the source of these poetic monikers, which contrast the plant's sun-like appearance with its nighttime schedule. While "sundrops" can also refer to other species in the Oenothera genus that bloom during the day, it is a frequent nickname for the evening primrose.
Night Willow Herb and German Rampion
Other historical names, such as “night willow herb,” connect the plant to its broader botanical family, Onagraceae, which is also known as the willowherb family. The name “German rampion” is a reference to the plant’s edible, parsnip-like root, which was a food source in Germany and other parts of Europe. In its first year, the plant develops a thick, fleshy taproot that can be cooked and eaten, and this characteristic was significant enough to earn it a culinary-themed alias.
Other regional and descriptive names
Local dialects and specific folk uses have generated even more descriptive aliases. For instance, the Spanish name "yerba del golpe" translates to "herb of the bruise," referencing its topical use for treating contusions. The names "scabish" and "scurvish" likely refer to its application in treating skin conditions.
Comparison of Evening Primrose's Common Names
| Common Name | Origin/Reason for Name | Associated Use or Characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| Evening Star | Flowers open in the late afternoon and evening. | Reflects blooming behavior. |
| Fever Plant | Used in traditional herbal remedies for fevers. | Medicinal application. |
| King's Cure-All | Implies a wide range of perceived healing properties. | Medicinal application, historical reputation. |
| Sundrop | Flowers are yellow and sun-like, opening during the evening. | Appearance and nocturnal blooming. |
| Night Willow Herb | Belongs to the Onagraceae, or willowherb, family. | Botanical family connection. |
| German Rampion | Refers to its edible, fleshy root, similar to a rampion. | Culinary use. |
| Yerba del Golpe | Spanish for "herb of the bruise," used for topical application. | Medicinal application (topical). |
Cultural and medicinal significance
The diverse names for evening primrose highlight its widespread use and cultural significance, particularly in herbal medicine. Native American tribes used the plant for various medicinal purposes, including poultices for bruises and skin irritations. The seeds, rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), are still valued today for their potential health benefits, particularly in evening primrose oil (EPO) supplements. These supplements are often used to address conditions such as PMS, eczema, and menopausal symptoms.
The importance of using scientific names
While the common names are colorful and informative, they can also cause confusion. For instance, the name "sundrops" can refer to several different species within the Oenothera genus. To ensure accuracy, botanists and herbalists rely on the scientific name, Oenothera biennis, which provides an unambiguous reference point for the common evening primrose. This is especially important when discussing medicinal applications, as different species may have different properties.
Conclusion
In summary, another name for evening primrose is not a single term but rather a collection of names that reflect its botanical family, blooming cycle, and extensive history of use. From the grand "King's Cure-All" to the poetic "Evening Star," these aliases offer a window into how people have interacted with and valued this versatile plant for centuries. Whether for its edible parts or its potential medicinal properties, the plant's many names tell the story of its enduring place in both nature and human culture.
For more information on the botanical characteristics and cultivation of evening primrose, visit the Missouri Botanical Garden website.
