The Scientific Name: A "Sugar Fungus" of Beer
At its core, what is brewer's yeast also known as? Its scientific classification is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The name itself offers a direct clue to its nature and primary function. The genus name Saccharomyces is derived from Greek words meaning “sugar fungus,” while cerevisiae comes from the Latin word for beer. This combination perfectly describes its role in consuming sugars to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, the fundamental process of fermentation.
Common Aliases in the Kitchen and Beyond
While Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the precise scientific term, the organism goes by several more familiar names depending on its specific application and how it's processed. Understanding these aliases is key to navigating the world of yeasts and supplements.
Baker's Yeast
One of the most common alternative names is baker's yeast. This is because the same species of fungus is used to leaven bread. In baking, the yeast ferments sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide that makes the bread rise. While different strains are used for baking versus brewing, they belong to the same species, hence the shared moniker.
Ale Yeast
Within the brewing industry, brewer's yeast is often called ale yeast or top-fermenting yeast. This refers to the specific strains that ferment at higher temperatures and rise to the surface of the brew, creating the distinct flavor profiles found in ales.
Nutritional Yeast
Nutritional yeast is another name for a product derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but with some key differences. It is a deactivated (non-living) yeast grown specifically for use as a food product, not a byproduct of brewing. This processing gives it a distinct cheesy or nutty flavor, making it a popular seasoning and cheese substitute for vegans.
A Nutritional Powerhouse
Beyond its functional uses, brewer's yeast is prized as a dietary supplement due to its impressive nutritional profile. It is a rich source of B-complex vitamins, protein, and minerals.
B-Complex Vitamins
Brewer's yeast naturally contains a spectrum of B vitamins, which are crucial for energy metabolism and supporting the nervous system. These include:
- Thiamine (B1): Vital for energy production.
- Riboflavin (B2): Supports cell function and energy.
- Niacin (B3): Plays a role in DNA repair and metabolism.
- Pantothenic Acid (B5): Essential for hormone and cholesterol synthesis.
- Pyridoxine (B6): Involved in neurotransmitter production.
- Folic Acid (B9): Important for cell growth and DNA formation.
It's important to note that brewer's yeast does not naturally contain vitamin B12, so fortified nutritional yeast is often preferred by vegans and vegetarians for this nutrient.
Key Minerals and Protein
Brewer's yeast is also a source of important minerals, such as chromium, selenium, and potassium. The chromium in brewer's yeast, known as Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF), is particularly noted for its potential role in helping the body manage blood sugar levels. It is also high in quality protein, with some forms containing up to 50% protein by dry weight.
Brewer's Yeast vs. Nutritional Yeast
Although both are derived from the same species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), their production methods, flavor profiles, and nutritional content differ substantially.
| Feature | Brewer's Yeast | Nutritional Yeast |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Byproduct of beer brewing, or grown specifically for supplements. | Cultivated specifically as a food product, often on molasses. |
| Processing | Inactivated by drying and heating; can be debittered to reduce bitterness. | Deactivated by heat; never comes into contact with hops. |
| Flavor | Naturally bitter and grainy, unless debittered. | Cheesy, nutty, and savory (umami). |
| B12 Content | Does not naturally contain B12, so it is often absent. | Almost always fortified with synthetic B12, making it a reliable source for vegans. |
| Primary Use | Dietary supplement for B vitamins and minerals, historical use in brewing. | Cheese substitute, seasoning, and B-vitamin supplement, especially for vegans. |
Modern Health and Wellness Applications
Today, brewer's yeast is used for various health applications beyond its traditional roles. Some research suggests it may help with certain conditions.
- Digestive Support: As a probiotic, brewer's yeast can help maintain a healthy balance of microflora in the gut. Some studies have shown it may help treat and prevent certain types of diarrhea, including traveler's diarrhea and that associated with antibiotic use.
- Immune System Enhancement: Its immunostimulating compounds, such as beta-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides, may help strengthen the immune system and improve the body's defense against infections.
- Blood Sugar Management: The chromium content, particularly in non-debittered forms, has been studied for its potential to improve insulin sensitivity and support blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes.
Potential Side Effects and Interactions
While generally safe, brewer's yeast can cause mild side effects like gas and bloating in some individuals. It also contains high levels of tyramine, which can cause a hypertensive crisis in those taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for depression. Individuals with certain conditions like gout (due to high nucleic acid content leading to uric acid) or Crohn's disease should consult a doctor before use. People with compromised immune systems are also at a higher risk of invasive infection.
Conclusion
In summary, the question, "What is brewer's yeast also known as?" reveals more than just a single answer. It encompasses its scientific name, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as its common aliases like baker's yeast, ale yeast, and nutritional yeast. This versatile microbe is celebrated for its role in creating beloved fermented foods and beverages, and increasingly recognized as a powerful dietary supplement rich in B vitamins, protein, and essential minerals. However, consumers should be mindful of the differences between brewer's yeast and nutritional yeast, particularly regarding flavor and fortification, and consider potential side effects before incorporating it into their diet.
Brewer's/baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and preventive medicine: part I
